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Factors Influencing Software Development Productivity -
State of the Art and Industrial Experiences
Adam Trendowicz, Jürgen Münch
Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering
Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
+49-631-6800-0
{adam.trendowicz; juergen.muench}@iese.fraunhofer.de
ABSTRACT
Managing software development productivity is a key issue in software organizations. Business de-
mands for shorter time-to-market while maintaining high product quality force software organizations to
look for new strategies to increase development productivity.
Traditional, simple delivery rates employed to control hardware production processes have turned out
not to work when simply transferred to the software domain. The productivity of software production
processes may vary across development contexts dependent on numerous influencing factors. Effective
productivity management requires considering these factors. Yet, there are thousands of possible factors
and considering all of them would make no sense from the economical point of view. Therefore, produc-
tivity modeling should focus on a limited number of factors with the most significant impact on produc-
tivity.
In this chapter, we present a comprehensive overview of productivity factors recently considered by
software practitioners. The study results are based on the review of 126 publications as well as interna-
tional experiences of the Fraunhofer Institute, including the most recent 13 industrial projects, 4 work-
shops, and 8 surveys on software productivity. The aggregated results show that the productivity of
software development processes still depends significantly on the capabilities of developers as well as
on the tools and methods they use.
Keywords
Software, development productivity, influencing factors.
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Design of The Study ........................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Review of Industrial Experiences ............................................................................................... 5
2.2 Review of Related Literature ...................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Review Scope and Criteria.................................................................................................. 6
2.2.2 Study Limitations ................................................................................................................ 7
2.2.3 Demographical Information ................................................................................................ 8
Author's version of an article published in Advances in Computers, (Marvin V. Zelkowitz, ed.), Elsevier, vol. 77, pp. 185-241, 2009,
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2458(09)01206-6
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065245809012066
© Elsevier2009