© Schattauer 2013 Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1/2013
82 Case Report
Surgical repair of a tibial fracture
in a two-week-old grey seal
(Halichoerus grypus)
A.-M. Hespel
1,3
; F. Bernard
1,4
; N. J. Davies
2
; V. Huuskonen
1
; C. Skelly
1
; F. David
1
1
UCD Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
2
The
Irish Seal Sanctuary, Courtown Harbour, Gorey, Co. Wexford, Ireland;
3
Current Address: Auburn University, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Radiology, Auburn, Alabama, USA;
4
Current address: Centre Hospitalier Vétér-
inaire St Martin, Unité Chirurgicale, St Martin-Bellevue, France
Keywords
Seal, infection, fracture, repair, SOP, string-of-
pearls plate
Summary
Objective: To report the successful manage-
ment of a suspected infected tibial fracture in
a common grey seal.
Study design: Case report.
Animal: Female common grey seal (Hali-
choerus grypus), 2 weeks old, 20 kg.
Methods: A closed, complete, transverse
fracture of the left tibial distal diaphysis was
debrided, reduced and stabilized using a
string-of-pearls (SOP) locking plate covered
with polymethylmethacrylate impregnated
with gentamicin. Fracture of the ipsilateral
fibula was left untreated. Postoperative
radiographs were obtained immediately, and
at 10 days, three weeks, and six weeks post-
surgery, and a computed tomographic exam-
ination was performed 2.5 months post-
surgery. A species-specific progressive reha-
bilitation programme was conducted.
Results: Bone healing of both fractures and
absence of injury of the distal tibial growth
plate were evident on the 2.5 month follow-
up examination, and also full range-of-motion
of the flipper was preserved and no lameness
or difficulty with swimming and hunting were
detected. On computed tomography, signs of
chronic left coxofemoral and ilial wing trauma
were incidentally detected. The seal was re-
leased three months postoperatively.
Conclusion: A transverse infected distal
fracture of the tibia and fibula in a young
common grey seal was successfully managed
with the combination of single SOP plating of
the tibia, local antibiotic release and a spe-
cific rehabilitation programme.
Clinical relevance: Surgical treatment of a
long-bone fracture in a wild immature grey
seal was successful with a combination of
techniques adapted to the species.
Correspondence to:
Dr. Florent David
Large Animal Surgery
Veterinary Clinical Studies
School of Veterinary Medicine
University College Dublin
Belfield, Dublin 4
Ireland
Phone: +353 1 716 6065
Fax: +353 1 716 6061
E-mail: florent.david@ucd.ie
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2013; 26: 82–87
doi:10.3415/VCOT-12-01-0001
Received: January 2, 2012
Accepted: July 23, 2012
Pre-published online: November 14, 2012
Introduction
Fractures occurring in grey seals are rarely
reported, most likely because of the relative
lack of surgical interventions being per-
formed in wild marine mammals. The ma-
jority of the fractures seem to be secondary
to trauma (1, 2). Pinnipeds show anatomi-
cal, physiological and behavioural idiosyn-
crasies that need to be taken into account
for appropriate veterinary care. To the au-
thors’ knowledge, there is no previous de-
scription of a long-bone fracture fixation in
seals. The purpose of this article is to report
our experience with diagnosis, anaesthetic
technique, surgical treatment, and the re-
habilitation programme of a wild imma-
ture grey seal suffering from fractures of
the left tibia and fibula that appeared to be
infected.
Case history
A 20 kg female common seal (Halichoerus
grypus) estimated to be two weeks of age
was presented to the hospital four days
after being found beached on rocks be-
cause it had an injured left pelvic flipper.
The injured orphan seal had first been res-
cued by the Irish Seal Sanctuary, a regis-
tered charity in charge of taking care of dis-
tressed and injured marine wildlife. Swell-
ing as well as signs of discomfort and ag-
gression upon manipulation of the left pel-
vic flipper were noticed at the time. Bacter-
ial infections being common in seals, a
course of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (12.5
mg/kg BID p.o.) and meloxicam (0.1 mg/
kg SID p.o.) was administered (1-3). As no
improvement was noticed after four days of
treatment, the seal was presented to the
University College Dublin Veterinary Hos-
pital for further investigations.
On presentation the seal was bright,
alert and responsive. It showed typical ag-
gressive behaviour towards humans and
was assumed to be relatively healthy. The
seal was sedated with a combination of
midazolam (0.2 mg/kg), pethidine (2 mg/
kg) and atropine (0.02 mg/kg). All drugs
were mixed together in the same syringe
and mounted on a spinal needle to inject
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