50 Autonomous Driving: Context and State-of-the- Art Javier Iban ˜ez-Guzma ´n 1 . Christian Laugier 2 . John-David Yoder 3 . Sebastian Thrun 4 1 Multimedia and Driving Assistance Systems, Renault S.A.S, Guyancourt, France 2 e-Motion Project-Team, INRIA Grenoble Rho ˆ ne-Alpes, Saint Ismier, Cedex, France 3 Mechanical Engineering Department, Ohio Northern University, Ada, OH, USA 4 Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 1 Introduction .................................................................. 1273 2 Societal, Technological and Economical Motivators ........................ 1275 3 Vehicle Intelligence and the Navigation Functions .......................... 1278 3.1 Interaction ....................................................................... 1285 4 Classification of Technological Advances in Vehicle Technology ............ 1286 4.1 Driver Centric ................................................................... 1287 4.2 Network Centric ................................................................ 1287 4.3 Vehicle Centric .................................................................. 1288 4.4 Evolution of Vehicle Architectures ............................................. 1288 5 Driver Centric Technologies .................................................. 1288 6 Network Centric Technologies ............................................... 1293 7 Vehicle Centric Technologies ................................................. 1296 8 State-of-the-Art in Fully Autonomous Driving Research .................... 1299 8.1 Early US Unmanned Vehicle Projects .......................................... 1300 8.2 Early EU Projects on Intelligent Vehicles ...................................... 1301 A. Eskandarian (ed.), Handbook of Intelligent Vehicles, DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-085-4_50, # Springer-Verlag London Ltd. 2012