ISSN 0021-3640, JETP Letters, 2013, Vol. 97, No. 8, pp. 466–469. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2013.
Original Russian Text © A.V. Emelyanov, E.A. Konstantinova, P.A. Forsh, A.G. Kazanskii, M.V. Khenkin, N.N. Petrova, E.I. Terukov, D.A. Kirilenko, N.A. Bert, S.G. Konnikov,
P.K. Kashkarov, 2013, published in Pis’ma v Zhurnal Eksperimental’noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki, 2013, Vol. 97, No. 8, pp. 536–540.
466
Recent investigations [1, 2] indicate that so-called
hydrogenated polymorphous silicon (pm-Si:H)—a
material being a silicon amorphous matrix with a small
fraction (not more than 10–15%) of nanocrystalline
inclusions—has better electrical properties and higher
stability of the electrophysical parameters to photo-
degradation than hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-
Si:H). It was assumed that the presence of silicon
nanocrystals (nc-Si) in the structure improves the
order in the location of the atoms in the material, lead-
ing to an increase in the mobility of the charge carriers
and the length of their ambipolar diffusion [2, 3] and
to a considerable decrease in the density of defect
states in the mobility gap [4]. To understand the non-
equilibrium electron processes in pm-Si:H films and
their application, in particular, in photoelectrical con-
verters, it is necessary to study the electronic and
structural properties of this material. In this work, to
this end, we used transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and electron paramag-
netic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The choice of
EPR spectroscopy is first of all due to its wide applica-
tion in the diagnostics of paramagnetic centers in
amorphous and polycrystalline silicon [5, 6]. Since
these centers are either defects in the structure of the
material limiting the electrical transport of the charge
carriers or the states of the charge carriers trapped in
the conduction and valence band tails (in amorphous
silicon) or the electronic states in the conduction band
(microcrystalline silicon), it is necessary to know their
nature and concentration in order to estimate the
prospects of the application of the object of investiga-
tion.
The pm-Si:H films with a thickness of 0.3 μm were
obtained by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposi-
tion from the mixture of hydrogen (H
2
) and monosi-
lane (SiH
4
) gases on a quartz substrate (Corning glass
1737) at a temperature of 275°C. The volume ratio of
the gases in the reaction chamber was RH =
[H
2
]/[SiH
4
] = 5. The pressure in it was kept at the level
of 4990 mTorr. The film deposition rate was 11 Å/s. To
determine the role of nanocrystals in the pm-Si:H
films, the obtained results were compared with the
results of the measurements for a-Si:H films. To this
end, the a-Si:H films were also formed by plasma-
enhanced chemical vapor deposition and studied later.
The deposition parameters of the a-Si:H films were as
follows: thickness, 0.5 μm; RH = 0; substrate temper-
ature, 175°C; deposition rate, 0.7 Å/s.
The films were studied using a JEM-2100F trans-
mission electron microscope (JEOL) at an accelerat-
ing voltage of 200 kV. Raman spectra were measured
with a LabRam HR800 Horiba Jobin Yvon micro-
Raman spectrometer at an excitation radiation wave-
length of 488 nm in the backscattering geometry. Elec-
tron paramagnetic resonance spectra were recorded by
an ELEXSYS-500 EPR spectrometer (Bruker) with a
working frequency of 9.5 GHz and a sensitivity of
Features of the Structure and Defect States in Hydrogenated
Polymorphous Silicon Films
A. V. Emelyanov
a
, E. A. Konstantinova
a
, P. A. Forsh
a, b
, A. G. Kazanskii
a
,
M. V. Khenkin
a
, N. N. Petrova
a
, E. I. Terukov
c
, D. A. Kirilenko
c
,
N. A. Bert
c
, S. G. Konnikov
c
, and P. K. Kashkarov
a, b
a
Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
e-mail: av.emelyanov@physics.msu.ru
b
National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, 123182 Russia
c
Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia
Received February 13, 2013
The structural and electronic properties of thin hydrogenated polymorphous silicon films obtained by
plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from hydrogen (H
2
) and monosilane (SiH
4
) gas mixture have
been studied by means of transmission electron microscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spec-
troscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. It has been established that the studied films consist of the amorphous
phase containing silicon nanocrystalline inclusions with the average size on the order of 4–5 nm and the vol-
ume fraction of 10%. A signal was observed in the hydrogenated polymorphous silicon films during the EPR
investigation that is attributed to the electrons trapped in the conduction band tail of microcrystalline silicon.
It has been shown that the introduction of a small fraction of nanocrystals into the amorphous silicon films
nonadditively changes the electronic properties of the material.
DOI: 10.1134/S0021364013080079