Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Emergency Medicine International
Volume 2013, Article ID 760205, 4 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/760205
Research Article
Roles of Motorcycle Type and Protective Clothing in
Motorcycle Crash Injuries
Mehmet Ozgür Erdogan,
1
Ozgur Sogut,
2
Sahin Colak,
1
Harun Ayhan,
1
Mustafa Ahmet Afacan,
1
and Dilay Satilmis
1
1
Department of Emergency Medicine, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, 34710 Istanbul, Turkey
2
Department of Emergency Medicine, Bezmialem University Hospital, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
Correspondence should be addressed to Mehmet Ozg¨ ur Erdogan; ozgurtheerdogan@mynet.com
Received 2 August 2013; Accepted 1 October 2013
Academic Editor: Harold K. Simon
Copyright © 2013 Mehmet Ozg¨ ur Erdogan et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background. he aims of this study were to identify subgroups of motorcyclists with a higher accident risk and evaluate the eiciency
of protective clothing for preventing injuries. Methods. A 1-year prospective study of motorcycle crashes was conducted beginning
in June 2012. Participants were patients involved in motorcycle crashes and admitted to our emergency department. Results. A total
of 226 patients were included in the study. In total, 174 patients were involved in crashes with light motorcycles. Patients involved
in a motorcycle accident without a helmet had a higher incidence of head and maxillofacial trauma. Motorcycle jackets were not
protective for systemic injuries ( > 0.05) or upper extremity fractures ( > 0.05). Motorcycle pants ( > 0.05) and motorcycle
shoes ( > 0.05) were not protective against leg and foot fractures. However, motorcycle protective clothes were protective against
sot-tissue injuries ( = 0.001). Conclusion. Riders of heavy motorcycles rode more safely than riders of light motorcycles. Light
motorcycle riders were the most vulnerable and comprised the largest percentage of motorcyclists. Helmets may be efective for
preventing head and facial injuries. Other protective clothes were not efective against fractures or systemic injuries.
1. Introduction
Motorcycles are the fastest growing sector of motor vehicles
worldwide and comprise the majority of all motor vehicles
in low- and middle-income countries [1]. Motorcycles are
an important part of social life in high-income countries [1].
Both heavy and light motorcycles are used in Turkey. A recent
study revealed that heavy motorcycles tend to be used in
summer and light motorcycles are used mostly during spring
and fall. Light motorcycles are generally used for work and
transport, whereas heavy motorcycles are preferred for vaca-
tion and travel [2]. Diferent rider characteristics are related
to the various types of motorcycles and motorcycle-related
accidents. Motorcyclists are a vulnerable group of riders and
have a particularly high accident risk [2]. hus, there is a need
for research to identify risks for the motorcyclist during a
crash. he aims of this study were to identify subgroups of
motorcyclists with a higher accident risk and evaluate the
eiciency of protective clothing for preventing injuries [1].
2. Methods
A 1-year prospective study of motorcycle crashes was con-
ducted beginning in June 2012. he participants in the study
were patients involved in motorcycle crashes and admitted
to our emergency department (ED). Participants were inter-
viewed in the ED ater their initial management. Information
about the accident, motorcycle, helmet use, motorcycle cloth-
ing, injury location, speed, license, and alcohol consumption
was recorded. he locations of the injuries were the head, face,
thorax, abdomen, pelvis, spine, hands, forearm, arm, leg, feet,
and sot tissue (abrasion and lacerations). Light motorcycles
were considered to have an engine limit of 125 cm
3
, whereas
heavy motorcycles were deined as those with an engine
volume of >125 cc
3
[2]. Motorcycle clothing was considered
to include a helmet, jacket, pants, shoes, and gloves. Other
equipment (boots, sport shoes, and coats) was not considered
protective motorcycle clothing. his study obtained ethical