452 PIERS Proceedings, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA, March 27–30, 2012 Correlation Analysis on the Speciﬁc Absorption Rate (SAR) between Metallic Spectacle and Pins Exposed from Radiation Sources M. H. Mat, M. F. B. A. Malek, S. I. Syed Hassan, M. S. Zulkeﬂi, and S. H. Ronald School of Electrical Systems Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis 01000, Malaysia Abstract— In this paper, the Speciﬁc Absorption Rate (SAR) inside the head due to metallic straight pins and spectacles is investigated. The ﬁnite integration in time domain technique (FIT) computer simulation using CST Microwave Studio was used in this investigation. Two sets of dipole antennas operated at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz for GSM application were used in the simulation model represent as radiation sources from MCE. In parametric studies the optimum dipole location is selected for all simulations and only varying both of the pin length and its horizontal separation distance between the head. The results compared with the head worn metallic spectacle. 1. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, with more open source for mobile applications listed in market, mobile communication equipment (MCE) used in frontal of the face is becoming increasing signiﬁcantly. Numerous studies have examined the interaction between the electromagnetic ﬁelds radiated by the antenna that may also couples with metallic objects and the results seem to suggest that metallic objects could increase the SAR [1–4]. Nowadays, high demand of the mobile communications equipment (MCE) that adopting a larger touch screen has become increasingly. Thus, it brings a new impact for scientists and researchers to study speciﬁc absorption rate (SAR) and antenna performances in details. With the latest and free applications in markets, usages of the MCE lead the users to spent most of their time by holding it in front of the face rather than holding it near to the ear. Even though it was reported that speciﬁc absorption rate was below the safe limits, however these value can change. Hence, it is needed to study consistently on changes of SAR since many reported that the metallic objects can alter the SAR in the head and in particularly in the eyes [1]. Bernardi [5] considered the eyes to be particularly sensitive organs due to their proximity to the surface of the head and the relatively low levels of blood ﬂow when compared to other regions of the body. Dimbylow [6] also stresses the vulnerability of the eyes as they have a tendency to accumulate damage and cellular debris. In the same area Cooper [7], modeled a geometric head, and Bernardi [8] investigated an anatomical head, irradiated by simple dipoles positioned near metallic walls. Both found that metallic walls could increase the power absorbed in the head. Similarly Cooper [9] considered metal implantations inside the head and found that they increased the SAR in the surrounding region. These papers show that metal objects close to biological matter may increase SAR in that matter. The RF radiation is incident on the user face. In order to minimize the heating caused in the head while operating the MCE by RF energy absorption, all MCE must meet maximum transmit power regulations. SAR is used as the method of evaluating energy absorption rates in tissue and spatially averaged SAR limits have been adopted worldwide, For example, the SAR limit speciﬁed in IEEE C95.1 : 1999 is 1.6 W/kg in a 1 g averaging mass while that speciﬁed in ICNIRP guidelines is 2 W/kg in a 10 g averaging mass [10]. In general, there are various parameters such as radiation patterns of the antenna, antenna positions relative to the human body, radiated power, and antenna types can inﬂuenced the SAR value [11]. 2. MODEL AND METHODOLOGY To evaluate SAR in frontal of the face, SAM (Speciﬁc Anthropomorphic Mannequin) head phantom provided by CST Microwave Studio  (CST MWS) employed in simulation. In this simulation the dipole antenna was used as a radiation source. The antennas carefully chose to operate at 900 MHz and 1800MHz. Theory and practice have proven that the transmitting and receiving of antenna achieved the highest conversion eﬃciency when the antenna length is approximately 1/4 of the wavelength of radio signals. Therefore, the antenna length is set to λ/4 in this study. In order to