Research Article
Day-Ahead Wind Speed Forecasting Using
Relevance Vector Machine
Guoqiang Sun,
1
Yue Chen,
1
Zhinong Wei,
1
Xiaolu Li,
2
and Kwok W. Cheung
3
1
Research Center for Renewable Energy Generation Engineering, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2
ALSTOM GRID Technology Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201114, China
3
ALSTOM Grid Inc., Redmond, WA 98052, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Guoqiang Sun; hhusunguoqiang@163.com
Received 31 December 2013; Revised 5 May 2014; Accepted 22 May 2014; Published 12 June 2014
Academic Editor: Hongjie Jia
Copyright © 2014 Guoqiang Sun et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
With the development of wind power technology, the security of the power system, power quality, and stable operation will meet
new challenges. So, in this paper, we propose a recently developed machine learning technique, relevance vector machine (RVM),
for day-ahead wind speed forecasting. We combine Gaussian kernel function and polynomial kernel function to get mixed kernel
for RVM. hen, RVM is compared with back propagation neural network (BP) and support vector machine (SVM) for wind speed
forecasting in four seasons in precision and velocity; the forecast results demonstrate that the proposed method is reasonable and
efective.
1. Introduction
Over the past decade, people in many countries worldwide
have paid signiicant attention to wind power generation
because of it being pollution-free, clean, and renewable. At
the end of 2012, worldwide installed capacity of wind power
reached 282.2GW, increased almost 20% compared to the
previous year 2011 which of 240 GW. By the end of 2020, total
global installed capacity will reach 1150 GW, and wind power
will be over 2800 TWh, accounting for about 12% of global
electricity demand; by the end of 2030, installed capacity
will exceed 2500GW, and wind power generating capacity
will reach 6600 TWh, accounting for about 23% of global
electricity demand [1]. he introduction of such a large-scale
wind power has attracted many domestic and foreign scholars
for further wind power technology. he wind forecast as a
basic link of the wind power research is one of the efective
ways to solve the problem and has an important role in the
safe and economic operation of the power grid, so a growing
number of researchers pay attention to it recently.
We can cluster the wind forecasting techniques into two
main groups; the irst group are physical methods, taking
physical considerations into account, such as temperature
and local terrain. In [2, 3], numerical weather prediction
(NWP) model could be used directly for wind speed and wind
energy predictions.
Another group are statistical methods. Conventional
ones are identical to the direct random time-series model,
such as autoregressive model (AR), moving average model
(MA), autoregressive moving average model (ARMA), and
autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA).
Kamal and Jafri [4] established an ARMA model and found
for long-term or short-term predictions, the values of vari-
ances and wind speed with a conidence interval of 95%
were acceptable. A fractional-ARIMA (f-ARIMA) model was
used by Kavasseri and Seetharaman [5] for day-ahead and
two-day-ahead wind speed forecasting. Results showed that
forecast accuracy was signiicantly improved with f-ARIMA
model compared to the previous method.
Apart from the mentioned forecasting techniques,
machine learning algorithms such as artiicial neural
network (ANN), Bayesian network (BN), and support vector
machine (SVM) are usually adopted for time series-based
wind prediction. Bilgili et al. [6] investigated the use of a
model based on the ANN method and spatial correlation
for monthly wind speed prediction without any topographic
details or other meteorological data. he prediction
results showed that the maximum MAE was 14.13%, while
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Journal of Applied Mathematics
Volume 2014, Article ID 437592, 6 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/437592