International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology A Theoretical Review on Organizational Information Systems for Analysing Spatial Issues: A Perspective of Modern Business Abdul Manaf Bohari #1 , Ruslan Rainis # , Malliga Marimuthu # # School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia E-mail: manafdr@uum.edu.my; abdmanaf.bohari@yahoo.com 1 College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia Abstract— Organizational Information Systems (OIS) is established purposely to support an organization in managerial and routine works, as well as important to decision making process. Theoretically, there are sixth types of OIS, common identified as Executive Information System (EIS), Management Information System (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS), Knowledge Information System (KWS), Office Automation System (OAS) and Transaction Information System (TPS). Some of organization has developed OIS for achieved their strategic advantages where final aimed to sustain the performance of organisation. However, there are questions arises about OIS uses in analyzing a spatial issue which is refers to geographical locations. The objective of this paper is to overview the fundamental concept, capability and constrains of every types of OIS with specific reference to spatial issues. Spatial issues is refers to concurrent and real-time based issues that arisen from external environment where can affect directly on organization performance. This literature review is driven from business perspective where OIS capability and ability of handle spatial issues will discuss. In general, this study found that all most OIS have limited capability to handle and manage spatial issues. Although DSS can support decision making for execute specific decision related to spatial issues, however DSS still lacks on visualized spatial issues geographically, as well as spatial issues tied to geographical location. This paper is suggest to developed Geographical Information System (GIS) as one of OIS for discover all kind of spatial issues. Keywords - Organizational Information Systems; Spatial Issues; Geographical Information System I. INTRODUCTION Fundamentally, an organization use information systems for a variety of purposes that final aimed to achieve organizational performance. When information system wisely implemented, these systems can add something value to an organization within the constraints of its structure and culture. Practically, the implementation of an information system is an organizational change process and it continuously change over times, with consideration on how people and organisation environment adapted to it, as in ([1], [2], [3]). In addition, opportunities for change of an organization information systems (OIS) can be identified commonly during the early strategic of system formulation that will usually focus on current need of systems specification for value-adding processes to the organization [4]. However, there is a question arises on how an information system may response to any change of external environment, as well as spatial issues on the real marketplace. What kind strategy that should be considers for make the OIS to be more spatial-friendly? Most of valuable information is tied to spatial, but is OIS have capability to capture and analysed the data in spatial form, as in ([5], [6], [7]) These questions are important that determine either OIS is have capability to applied for handle any types of spatial issues around the globe. Commonly, the businesses will drive the major changes in information technology, includes OIS in the coming years. This is because of the emerging of latest technology and applications that available in market and for that reason, more companies relying on adaptive information system to success and keep track on the market trend, as in ([8], [9], [10], [11]). In addition, there is considerable organizational resistance to adapt new OIS such as organization culture, structure and hierarchy, policy and procedure, politics and power, and work styles. The changes in technology are deflected, absorbed, and defeated by organizational routine task and common arrangements, structures of management, and people’s views and perceptions [12]. Moreover, OIS is need to reviewed to understand either it good enough for handle any change in external environment, such as market, 32