Computer Vision Augmented Geospatial Localization Ashish Gupta 1 Synonyms Autonomous navigation, GPS-denied Geo-localization, Simultaneous Localization And Mapping, Visual Odometry, Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 2 Definition Geospatial localization is the estimation of global geographic location using, in part, geospatial analysis. Geospatial analysis uses statistical and other analytic techniques for data that has a geographic or spatial context to it, typically available in Ge- ographic Information Systems (GIS). Geographic location is typically ascertained using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) like GPS and GLONASS, which requires simultaneous line-of-sight connection with multiple satellites to estimate location within an error margin of a few metres. These constraints limit the use of GNSS based localization to outdoors with few obstructing structures in close prox- imity and a tolerance to uncertainty in exact location. In addition to these constaints, in many environments such as indoors, urban canyons, under dense foliage, under- water and underground, there is limited or no GPS access. Besides these naturally occurring constraints, GPS access can be easily blocked by jamming, spoofing and other GPS-denial threats in advesarial environments. Consequently, for Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) applications, GPS must be augmented or supplanted by other sensors and systems. In such cases GPS is used for an approximate lo- calization within a geographic region, which can range from tens to thousands of square metres based on the environment. Alternate techniques are used to acertain Ashish Gupta Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, United States, e-mail: gupta.637@osu.edu 1