Treatment of Primary Progressive Freezing
of Gait With High Doses of Selegiline
Carlos Zu ´n ˜iga, MD, Jacobo Lester, MD, Marı ´a Graciela Cerso ´simo, MD,
Sergio Dı ´az, MD, and Federico E. Micheli, MD, PhD
Abstract: We report the case of a 76-year-old, right-handed woman
with progressive primary freezing of gait. Despite several therapeu-
tic strategies, she continued to worsen to the point that she became
confined to a wheelchair. Treatment with selegiline in doses up to
20 mg/d led to marked improvement of the gait disorder. This case
illustrates that selegiline can be an option for patients with freezing
of gait other than those with Parkinson’s disease.
Key Words: freezing, gait, selegiline
(Clin Neuropharmacol 2006;29:20Y21)
P
rimary progressive freezing of gait (PFG) has been
described as an isolated gait disorder where normal
walking becomes magnetized and hesitant and the patient
experiences multiple motor blocks, accompanied by postural
instability and subsequent falls, leading to an important
disability. Although these phenomena can be seen in many
neurodegenerative diseases, PFG is free of other extra
pyramidal signs in most cases.
1
Unfortunately, gait dis-
turbances respond poorly to dopaminergic therapy.
2
Selegi-
line is a monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor that has been
successfully used for the symptomatic treatment of Parkin-
son’s disease.
3
However, its usefulness in the treatment of
other diseases is still unsettled. We report a case of PFG
disorder with a marked response to high doses of selegiline.
CASE REPORT
This 76 year-old, right-handed woman with a history of
left radical mastectomy and local radiotherapy (50 sessions)
in 2002 because of cancer in her left breast was brought for an
evaluation of a progressive gait disorder without cognitive
decline. She has been on tamoxifen (20 mg/d) since then. In
late 2003, she insidiously developed gait disorders, postural
instability, and unsteady gait. Some months later, her gait was
characterized by shuffling, as if she were Bstuck to the floor^
when she tried to walk.
This picture grew progressively worse, until she
became completely unable to walk. She was treated with
levodopa/benserazide (step-up dose from 200/50 mg to 4 pills
per day) and ropirinol (2 mg/d), without response. Several
other therapeutic strategies failed to provide benefit.
Because of her disability, she could walk only with the
help of a walking stick during the early stages of her
condition, and later, she was confined to a wheelchair.
In December 2004, she was examined for the first time.
On neurological examination, she was fully oriented to time
and space and was cooperative; fundus occuli were normal
and visual fields were full. Cranial nerves testing, including
ocular movements, were normal. A significant magnetic gait
without evidence of parkinsonian signs was evident. The
remainder of the neurological examination was normal, and
she was put on selegiline (10 mg/d). Four months later, the
patient described a significant improvement in her gait, mainly
when she was at home and became able to walk without a
walking stick or any other aid. At that moment, the patient
managed to walk on her own, with a walking stick, presenting
occasional motor blocks, but no other disorder, on examina-
tion. The daily selegiline dose was increased to 20 mg. Then,
the patient described a highly significant improvement in her
motor condition in the last months. The transient discontin-
uation of selegiline resulted in marked worsening of gait, and
the drug had to be reinstalled promptly.
To date, no parkinsonian signs or any other nervous
system disorders have been observed. Her brain magnetic
resonance imaging scan was normal for her age, and no
lesions of the basal ganglia were observed.
DISCUSSION
The symptoms observed in our patient are consistent
with PFG, a rare disorder that presents in the elderly,
causing an important functional disability with progressive
worsening, leading to severe functional disability for the
performance of the activities of daily living. Over the past
few months, several therapies have failed to provide
benefits, but treatment with selegiline resulted in marked
functional improvement. In support, an attempt to discon-
tinue selegiline was followed by a clear-cut worsening of
symptoms within the following days, and treatment had to
be restarted.
Because of the low prevalence of FPG, treatment trials
on this disorder are scarce. Freezing of gait has been more
frequently studied in relation to parkinsonism than as a
primary disease. Other treatment trials have been conducted
for gait freezing, mainly with L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine,
4
botulinum toxin applied on the soleusYgastrocnemius com-
plex,
5Y7
and surgery,
8
with inconsistent results.
Similar gait disorders had been observed in vascular
parkinsonism, hydrocephalus, drug-induced parkinsonism,
and other neurodegenerative diseases, including progressive
CASE REPORT
20 Clin Neuropharmacol & Volume 29, Number 1, January - February 2006
Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital de Clı ´nicas
BJose ´ de San Martı ´n,[ Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Reprints: Federico E. Micheli MD, PhD Juncal 1695- P 5 Dpto J (1062),
Buenos Aires, Argentina (e-mail: Fmicheli@fibertel.com.ar).
Copyright * 2006 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyr ight © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthor iz ed reproduction of this article is prohibited.