A Market-based MAS Framework for Microgrids
Z.F.Qiu*. G. Deconinck*
N.Gui**. R.Duan*. R.Belmans*
*ELECTA/ESAT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,
Belgium (Tel: 032-16321810; e-mail: zhifeng.qiu@ esat.kuleuven.be).
** University of Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
Abstract: This paper proposes a distributed multi-agent system (MAS) framework for market-based
control in Microgrids. The proposed system consists of two main entities, Energy Selling Agents (ESAs)
and Energy Buying Agents (EBAs). In order to alleviate the internal complexity of the agent, three kinds
of delegate mobile agents are designed. They are issued by the corresponding agents according to their
different functions assumed in the BDI (belief, desire, intention) architecture, such as one kind of delegate
mobile agent fulfills the function for building and maintaining the environment information. Through the
coordination and interaction of the agents and the delegate mobile agents, the energy exchange between
the power resource units and the local loads is realized dynamically.
1. INTRODUCTION
The use of small-scale generation connected to the local
distribution systems, commonly referred to as ‘Distribution
Generation’ (DG), has greatly increased during the last
decades. Using DG to reduce the physical and electrical
distance between generation and loads can contribute to
improving reactive support and enhancing the voltage profile,
removing distribution and transmission bottlenecks, reducing
losses, enhancing the possibility of using waste heat and
postponing investments in new transmission and large scale
generation systems [Ackermann,T., et al., 2001; Pepermans,
G., et al., 2005]. A better way to realize the emerging
potential of distributed generation is to take a system
approach which views generation and associated loads as a
subsystem or a “Microgrid” [Van, T. Vu., Belmans, R.,
2006]. This approach allows for local control of distributed
generation thereby reducing or eliminating the need for
central dispatch.
An important aspect of Microgrids is to find a suitable
control strategy that will take advantage of the inherent
scalability and robustness benefits of distributed energy
[Robert, H., Lasseter,R.2007]. Now, more and more
distributed energy resources (DERs) and loads become
intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) that are interconnected
over information infrastructure, as indicated in Figure 1.
Thus, distributed control can be applied on these IEDs with
decision-making done locally. A scalable and robust energy
system with each power resource and load can potentially be
created. In this context, the agent technology is a suitable
approach for autonomous control of distributed energy
resource Microgrids.
In reference [Dimeas, A.L., Hatziagyriou, N.D., 2005], a
central controller agent is proposed to optimize the
Microgrids by coordinating the local controller of power
producing unit and the local control of the consuming unit.
Reference [Kok, K., Warmer, C., et al., 2005] also employs a
similar central control agent (Power Matcher) to accomplish
the system goal. In such kind systems, central control stations
form single points of failure and may have scalability
problems. Thanks to by having power resources, intelligent
loads and storage devices following a common
communication structure, adding (removing) power resources
to meet the increasing (decreasing) load demand would be
easier than the traditional way of incorporating new resources
into a centralized control strategy. In such situation, other
authors in [Vanthournout, K., Brabandere, K. D., et al., 2005]
propose autonomous electricity networks (AEN). In such
network, a group of distributed generators, intelligent loads
and storage devices is capable of cooperation and control in a
distributed manner, without central controller. The
accomplishment of all this is based on standard components
and public communication networks.
Fig. 1 Microgrids, consisting of DERs interconnected via the
electricity grid (thick lines) and corresponding IEDs
interconnected via the info’structure(dashed lines)
Proceedings of the 17th World Congress
The International Federation of Automatic Control
Seoul, Korea, July 6-11, 2008
978-1-1234-7890-2/08/$20.00 © 2008 IFAC 11053 10.3182/20080706-5-KR-1001.2516