Hybrid Model Based Optimal Control for a Metallurgy Process
Z.F.Qiu*
,
**. G. Deconinck*
W.H.Gui**. C.H.Yang**
*Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven,
Belgium (Tel: 032-16321810; e-mail: zhifeng.qiu@ esat.kuleuven.be).
**Central South University, Changsha, China
Abstract: This paper applies hybrid modeling method based optimal control in industrial process. Hybrid
modeling method combines a priori information with a nonlinear residual compensation technique to build
a global model which predicts alumina raw pulp slurry quality. Process control is accomplished based on
blending expert knowledge with multi-objective hierarchy reasoning approach. Through the coordination
of model and controller, the optimal control of blending process is achieved. Application results show that
the proposed method can resolve optimization problems of a kind of industrial processes characterized by
time delay and multi-constraints.
1. INTRODUCTION
The increased fierce competition over the last few years
combined with large alumina price fluctuations has forced
most alumina and metallurgy companies to find ways to
streamline and optimize plant operations. At the same time,
increased computing power combined with improved
modeling tools has provided the opportunity to use different
modeling technology for generating accurate product quality
predictions. Moreover, modeling such complex industrial
processes is a complicated procedure and is traditionally done
using white box modelling or black box identification
(Sjőberg et al., 1995), where white box modelling means that
the model is constructed using scientific relations that
completely describe the process. The black box identification
of making a process model is done by using a standard
parametric model is adapted to measured data obtained from
the process.
Many white box modelling techniques, so-called first
principle, exist for metallurgy processes, such as mass and
energy balance, physicochemical reaction and
thermodynamic mechanic. However it’s very hard to deduce
a precise physical formula, no matter its structure or
parameter, due to not only the inherent complexity of such
process but also the practical production environment. On the
other hand, most model-based control strategies (Rohit, 2007;
Zhang, 2007) make use of general linear or nonlinear black-
box techniques to model the relationship between process
input and output variables. This kind of method has the
advantage of bypassing the complexity and the uncertainty of
the physical systems. However, such models, especially
nonlinear ones, may become themselves complex and involve
a large number of parameters. Searching for the desired
model parameters in a high dimensional model parameter
space is prone to local minima and could lead to an
inappropriate model. So, a new strategy combining these first
principles with general black-box techniques is adopted as a
means to trade-off between the complexity and the
performance of such complex industrial processes at the
supervisory control level.
Generally, in hybrid modeling approach (Bohlin, 2001;
Sohlberg, 2003), fundamental knowledge captured from
industry process is used to define a prior parametric model
with fixed structure derived from either first principle,
existing empirical correlation or mathematical
transformation, while the unknown part is modeled by a
black-box model. Modeling this unknown part is usually
much less complicated than modeling the whole process
using a black-box model.
The main contribution of hybrid modeling approach (Chen et
al., 2004; Li et al., 2004) is as follows. First, this kind of
model contains more physical meaning than a total black-box
model thanks to the introduction of mechanical knowledge
about the process. Second, some inherent problem of black-
box technology can be overcame, for instance, the dimension
and the feasible region of the parameter space are reduced
that can hopefully overcome some identifiability problems, at
the same time, the model has better generalization capability
than a complete black-box model when the hybrid model
structure is appropriate. Last but not least, the whole hybrid
model is more suitable to be used in the practical
engineering.
In this paper, as the key to the process control success, the
hybrid modelling technology is realized successfully in a
metallurgy process, alumina blending process control. The
control system is composed of a prediction model and an
expert controller. The prediction model is employed to
forecast raw pulp slurry quality, which consist of mass
balance equation and neural network model as estimator for
some of the important process parameters as well as
compensator of the physical model. The function of
controller is to implement optimal raw material ratio setting
control, which is based on expert knowledge. Through the
coordination between the prediction model and expert
Proceedings of the 17th World Congress
The International Federation of Automatic Control
Seoul, Korea, July 6-11, 2008
978-1-1234-7890-2/08/$20.00 © 2008 IFAC 10844 10.3182/20080706-5-KR-1001.2638