R1 Protease-activated receptor-2 activation improves efficiency of experimental ischemic preconditioning CLAUDIO NAPOLI *# , FILOMENA de NIGRIS *# , CARLA CICALA § , JOHN L. WALLACE ** , GIUSEPPE CALIENDO  , MARIO CONDORELLI * , VINCENZO SANTAGADA  , AND GIUSEPPE CIRINO §@ From the Departments of * Medicine, the § Experimental Pharmacology, and the # Medicinal Chemistry, Federico II University of Naples, Italy; # Department of Medicine-0682, University of California, San Diego, CA92093; ** Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. @To whom reprint requests should be addressed at: Professor Giuseppe Cirino Department of Experimental Pharmacology Federico II University of Naples Via Domenico Montesano, 49 80131 Naples, ITALY e-mail: cirino@unina.it Abbreviations: PAR-2, Protease-activated receptor-2; oxidized glutathione (GSSG), Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Ethylendiaminotetracetate (EDTA), Creatine Kinase (CK), L-nitroarginine methylester (L-NAME). Word count: 4,748 References: 39 3 Figures, 3 Tables