Household Contact Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Wonogiri District, Central Java Province, Indonesia Lintang Dian Saraswati 1 , Praba Ginandjar 1 , Wiwin Andriyani 1 1 Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50277, Indonesia Email: lintang@undip.ac.id 1 Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50277, Indonesia Email: praba@undip.ac.id 1 Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50277, Indonesia Email: wiwin.andriyani35@gmail.com ABSTRACT Pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis which remains high (74.52%) in Central Java, Indonesia. Smear-positive pulmonary TB cases in Wonogiri district in 2012 have increased (48.4%). Prevention activities to break the chain of transmission are by knowing the factors, especially in the sphere nearest the patient's family. The purpose of this study is to analyze the history of household contact with pulmonary TB incidence in Wonogiri district. It is observational analytic study with case-control study design. Sample cases were all patients with smear-positive pulmonary TB who had a history of contact in Wonogiri district. Control samples were all people with smear-negative pulmonary TB who had a history of contact in Wonogiri. The total samples were 136 respondents. Statistical analysis showed that the variables associated with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis were prolonged contact (OR=3.975, 95%CI=1.887-8.375), working outside the home (OR=2.496, 95%CI=1.243-5.001), history of sharing a room (OR=8.816, 95%CI=3.767- 20.681), the closeness of the family relationship status (OR=2.908,95% CI=1.173-7.212), preventive behavior (OR=26.5,95%CI=10.412-67.449). It is important to perform case detection rate from household contacts every month. For patients who have a history of TB contact need to improve health behaviors for the prevention of pulmonary TB. Keywords: household contact, pulmonary tuberculosis, health behaviours I. INTRODUCTION Pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which transmitted through air directly on the lung parenchyma. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is spread through respiratory droplets so that the transmission may occur from close contact with infected individuals. 1 each active pulmonary TB patient can transmit TB to 10-15 people around him. In Global Tuberculosis Control Report 2012, WHO said that the numbers of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in the world in 2012 were 8.8 million and the number of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were found in Indonesia in 2010 were 302,861 people. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Central Java Province and Wonogiri district were 74.52% and 72%. There was an increase of smear-positive pulmonary TB cases in 2011 (36.3%) to 2012 (48.4%). Prevention efforts continue cultivated but data from 2011 to 2012 in this region but not even close to are declared free from pulmonary TB transmission. 2-3 Risk factors for infection TB were patient contact history, socio-economic status, nutritional status, and the high prevalence of pulmonary TB. As for the risk factor of pulmonary TB cases were poor immune system, high levels of exposure to germs, and others. 4 Source of transmission which is most dangerous is adult pulmonary TB patient with or without cavity. Such of cases were most infectious and can transmit TB by cough, sneeze, and talk. More frequent and prolonged of contact duration,