Analysis of a Thixo-lateral Forged Spindle from LTT C45, LTT C38 and
LTT 100Cr6 Steel Grades
Jokin Lozares
1,a
, Zigor Azpilgain
1,b
, Iñaki Hurtado
1,c
and Iñigo Loizaga
2,a
1
Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Loramendi,4, 20500 Arrasate-Mondragon, Spain
2
AIC - Parque Empresarial Boroa, Parcela 2A-4, 48340 Amorebieta, Spain
1a
jlozares@mondragon.edu,
1b
zazpilgain@mondragon.edu,
1c
ihurtado@mondragon.edu,
2a
iloizaga@cieautomotive.com
Keywords: Semisolid forging, steel thixoforming, smooth steel forging.
Abstract. Due to the current trend in prices of raw material and their sources, near net shaping of
mechanical components will become a key factor for the companies to get the desired
competitiveness. Semisolid metal (SSM) forming is one of those near net shape forming techniques
revealing a high potential to reduce material as well as energy consumption compared to
conventional process technologies. Thus, the aim of this research work is to demonstrate the above
by manufacturing a steel commercial automotive spindle by thixo-lateral forming from three
different steel grades. The starting material, the microstructure and mechanical properties are
analysed along the article. Material savings of 20% have been reported together with a substantial
decrease of the forming forces. In addition, great mechanical properties have been achieved which
brings the process closer to the desired final industrial application.
Introduction
Europe´s leading role in the market is weakening dragged by the increasing maturity of the
process and the alloy surcharge for steel. The latter could be so high that it actually has a huge
impact on the price of the final component. Therefore, raw material consumption must be monitored
and lowered to a minimum without influencing final part´s mechanical properties.
In order to remain competitive, European manufacturing companies have to face a cost-effective
production line keeping the quality and reliability of the components high. In this industrial
framework, near net shaping of mechanical components will become a key factor to get the desired
competitiveness. Semisolid metal forming processes present several advantages, such as energy
efficiency, production rates, smooth die filling and low shrinkage porosity, which together lead to
near net shape capability and thus to fewer manufacturing steps than in classical methods.
Semisolid forming of aluminium and magnesium alloys is state of the art and a growing number
of serial production lines are already operating all over the world. However, so far, there are no
industrial applications of higher melting point alloys. Many research works have been made in
different places [1-6] but due to technological problems, mostly owing to the high process
temperature, the semisolid forming of high melting point alloys such as steel have not been further
developed.
Thus, the aim of this article is to demonstrate that semisolid forming of steels has a high
potential to reduce material as well as energy consumption compared to conventional process
technologies. The foregoing advantages have been tried and tested in the thixo-lateral forging cell
developed and implemented at the forming laboratory of Mondragon Unibertsitatea [7].
The starting material
The three steel grades used in this article are supplied by Ascometal, a special steel manufacturer
who designs commercial thixoforming steels, modified to have a wider solidification range and
lower solidus temperature. The selected steels are, in principle, the best suited to fulfill final
Solid State Phenomena Vols. 217-218 (2015) pp 347-354
Online available since 2014/Sep/19 at www.scientific.net
© (2015) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.217-218.347
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of TTP,
www.ttp.net. (ID: 193.146.78.80, Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa,J.M.A., S.Coop, Mondragon, Spain-10/10/14,08:58:45)