644
Maternal Regulation Strategies in
the United States and Turkey
A Brief Report
Zeynep Çatay
Istanbul Bilgi University
Rhianon Allen
Lisa Wallner Samstag
Long Island University
This study examines the cultural and socioeconomic differences in the regulation strategies of
Euro-American and Turkish mothers. Participants are interviewed about how they would man-
age their children’s problem behaviors under hypothetical scenarios. American mothers are
found to rely more extensively on appeals to their own authority and on rules, whereas Turkish
mothers employ appeals to consequences and other-oriented strategies to a greater degree.
Higher socioeconomic status (SES) mothers use strategies that emphasize decision-making
capacities more frequently.
Keywords: parenting; culture; behavior regulation strategies
C
hild-rearing practices have been an important area of cross-cultural research, where
cultural differences in value systems and self-construals are expressed as well as trans-
mitted to new generations. In Western cultures, where a more independent model affects
the patterning of self and other relationships, promotion of autonomy, self-sufficiency, and
independence have been noted to emerge as important values that guide various aspects of
parenting. (See Rothbaum, Pott,Azuma, Miyake, & Weisz, 2000, for a review.)
In more collectivistic cultures, on the other hand, parents value familial interdependence,
respect for authority, obedience, and emotional interdependence (Zayas & Solari, 1994).
In these cultures, the close emotional bond between the mother–child dyad fostered in
the early years and the child’s desire to please the mother later translates into a social sen-
sitivity and willingness to accommodate to social expectations (Lebra, 1994; Rothbaum
et al., 2000).
This point was demonstrated by Conroy, Hess, Azuma, and Kashiwagi’s (1980) study
comparing behavioral regulation strategies used by Euro-American and Japanese mothers.
Conroy et al. found that Japanese mothers relied more on internally oriented appeal strate-
gies while trying to manage their children’s undesired behaviors. Rather than exerting
direct authority, they mostly referred to the consequences of the child’s behavior and the
type of feelings it would engender in herself and others. They also relied more on persua-
sion without an apparent demand of compliance but expecting that the child’s internalized
desire to please the mother would result in his or her compliance. Euro-American mothers,
Journal of Cross-Cultural
Psychology
Volume 39 Number 5
September 2008 644-649
© 2008 Sage Publications
10.1177/0022022108321179
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