Proceedings of the 2005 Mid-Continent Transportation Research Symposium, Ames, Iowa, August 2005. © 2005 by Iowa State
University. The contents of this paper reflect the views of the author(s), who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the
information presented herein.
Development of Self-Consolidating Concrete for Bridge Girders and
Evaluation of Its Fresh Properties
Bulent Erkmen
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Minnesota
500 Pillsbury Drive S.E.
Minneapolis, MN 55455
erkm0001@umn.edu
Catherine E. Wolfgram French
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Minnesota
500 Pillsbury Drive S.E.
Minneapolis, MN 55455
cfrench@umn.edu
Carol K. Shield
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Minnesota
500 Pillsbury Drive S.E.
Minneapolis, MN 55455
ckshield@umn.edu
ABSTRACT
Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has been developed for use in precast prestressed concrete bridge
girders in the state of Minnesota. Locally available materials were used with a number of cementitious
and filler materials, including ASTM Type III cement, Class C fly ash, and blast furnace slag. SCC was
successfully proportioned with both natural river gravels and crushed stone as coarse aggregates.
Moreover, for the mix incorporating natural river gravels, air-entrained SCC was successfully developed
without using a viscosity enhancing admixture. The effect of a number of parameters on the fresh
properties of SCC, including but not limited to temperature, cement, type of coarse aggregates (natural
and crushed), were studied.
A number of test methods (e.g., slump flow, L-box, and U-box) have been under development to evaluate
the fresh properties of SCC. However, none of these test methods has been integrated into any American
standards. A vertical column segregation test has been used to evaluate vertical segregation of SCC
mixes. The slump flow test was employed to evaluate the flowability, while self-leveling and passing
abilities of the mixes were investigated using a U-box. The L-box test procedure was modified to
evaluate, not only flowability and passing ability, but also horizontal segregation resistance of SCC
mixes. Although, in general, at least three to four test methods are typically used to evaluate fresh
properties, the slump flow test and modified L-box test may be adequate to evaluate the fresh properties
of SCC properly.
Key words: high-range water reducer—segregation—self-consolidating concrete