Full length article
Fat-associated lymphoid cluster in Cyprinus carpio: Characterisation
and its relation with peritoneal haemangiosarcoma
Q2,7
Q6
Ruth L. Madera-Sandoval
a
, Elba Reyes-Maldonado
b
, Ricardo Dzul-Caamal
a
,
Esperanza Gallegos-Rangel
a
, María Lilia Domínguez-L
opez
c
, Ethel García-Latorre
c
,
Armando Vega-L
opez
a, *
a
Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco,
M exico, D.F. CP 07738, Mexico Q3
b
Laboratorio de Citología, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol ogicas, Instituto Polit ecnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n,
Casco de Santo Tom as, M exico, D.F. CP 11340, Mexico
c
Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol ogicas, Instituto Polit ecnico Nacional,
Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tom as, M exico, D.F. CP 11340, Mexico
article info
Article history:
Received 11 December 2014
Received in revised form
21 February 2015
Accepted 14 March 2015
Available online xxx
Keywords:
C-kit
CD45
FALC cells
IL7R
Sca-1
Proto-oncogenes
Th-2 cytokines
abstract
FALC cells are natural helper cells producing Th2-type cytokines, which express c-kit, Sca-1, IL7R and
CD45 in mouse and human. These cells are involved in allergic responses and contribute to the in-
flammatory reactions of adipose tissue; however, a lack of information prevails about the presence of
these cells in other species. The aim of the study was to identify and characterise FALC cells in the
common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using immunohistochemistry and molecular biology techniques as well
as to explore their relationships with their microenvironment. Histological description of the FALC was
performed using H&E and polyclonal antibodies were used against cell-surface markers such as c-kit,
Sca-1 and CD45. Furthermore, gene expression of c-kit, Sca-1 and IL7R was assessed. C. carpio FALC cells
express the same surface markers reported in FALC of the mouse at both the pre- and post-
transcriptional level. By exposure to the soluble fraction of helminths, FALC cells produce abundant
Th2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13) but do not synthesise IL-1a. Additionally, FALC cells probably
participate in vascular remodelling of the intestine vessels, inducing tumours because a malignant
haemangiosarcoma in the peritoneal cavity was found. In this tumour, abundant FALC with their char-
acteristic cell-surface markers were detected. The findings of this study suggest the involvement of some
proto-oncogenes such as c-kit and Sca-1, and the deregulation of Src kinases modulated by CD45 present
in C. carpio FALC with the ontogeny of peritoneal haemangiosarcoma in this fish species.
© 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
1. Introduction
Since 2001, new lymphocytes of innate immunity Th2 type
have been reported [24]. These lymphocytes do not have germline
(CD3) but it is possible to identify their cytokines as well as the
stimuli involved in this expression [47]. From those dates, the
innate immunity was conceived as a set of processes that entails a
nonspecific mechanism of defence, physical barriers, but mostly
effector cells that can produce and/or stimulate cytokines [56]. In
this way, it is possible to conceive the intricate balance between
the innate and adaptive systems to achieve the defence of the
body. However, in 2010, a new finding about the link between
innate and adaptive response was documented. An innate
lymphocyte present in a novel lymphoid structure associated with
adipose tissues in the mouse peritoneal cavity named “FALC” (fat-
associated lymphoid cluster) was found [47]. These FALC cells are
natural helper cells (NHC) that are able to elicit a cytotoxic
response against primary infections; however, they do not have
antigen receptors. FALC cells express c-kit [47], a tyrosine-protein
kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for KITLG/SCF and plays
an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation,
haematopoiesis and stem cell maintenance [7,69]. These cells ex-
press Sca-1 or Ly6A (lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus A),
which is also known as stem cell antigen-1 [26]. The lymphocyte
* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: avegadv@yahoo.com.mx (A. Vega-L opez).
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Fish & Shellfish Immunology
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fsi
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.019
1050-4648/© 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Fish & Shellfish Immunology xxx (2015) 1e9
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Please cite this article in press as: R.L. Madera-Sandoval, et al., Fat-associated lymphoid cluster in Cyprinus carpio: Characterisation and its
relation with peritoneal haemangiosarcoma, Fish & Shellfish Immunology (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.019