A tale of two continents: Contents of African and Asian e-government websites
Abebe Rorissa
Department of Information
Studies, University at Albany,
State University of New York,
Draper 113, 135 Western Avenue,
Albany, NY 12222
arorissa@albany.edu
Mohammed Gharawi
Department of Informatics, University
at Albany, State University of New
York, 7A Harriman Campus, Suite
220, 1400 Washington Avenue,
Albany, NY 12222
gharawima@yahoo.com
Dawit Demissie
Department of Informatics, University
at Albany, State University of New
York, 7A Harriman Campus, Suite
220, 1400 Washington Avenue,
Albany, NY 12222
dd536519@albany.edu
Abstract
The digital divide is often discussed from the
perspective of North and South and haves and have-
nots. This is true of comparative studies on information
and communication technologies (ICTs) and e-
government. As a result, there is less research on the
South-South digital divide and/or cross-national
comparative studies that focus mainly on developing
countries. This paper addresses this gap by comparing
contents of African and Asian e-government service
websites. Based on analyses of 582 African and 939
Asian e-government service websites, we present
comparisons of the contents of websites from the two
continents with respect to the type of site, type of
service, features, online executable services,
level/stage of development of e-government service,
and e-government index. Overall, e-government
service websites from the two continents have similar
contents, save a few differences.
1. Introduction
Asia and Africa are the first and second largest and
most populous continents, respectively, with about half
of the world’s total land area and a combined
population of over 70% of the world’s population.
Both have come a long way with respect to the
adoption and use of information and communication
technologies (ICTs), especially Africa, more
specifically Sub-Saharan Africa, which was once
called a ‘technological desert’ [18].
Even though the rate of adoption and use of
information and communication technologies (ICTs) in
both Asia and Africa is not as high as that of North
America or Europe, there are more Internet users
(about 657 million) in Asia alone than anywhere else.
However, in both continents, the Internet penetration
rates (as a percentage of the total population) remain
among the lowest even though, over the last eight
years, the number of Internet users grew by 1030.2%
and 475% in Africa and Asia, respectively (See Table
1). This is impressive given the fact that most countries
in Africa, and some in Asia, face a number of
obstacles, such as lack of infrastructure, low literacy
rates, slow and low economic development, culture,
and non-democratic forms of government.
Table 1: A profile of the two continents
Africa Asia World
Population 975,330,899 3,780,819,792 6,710,029,070
Land area 11.7 million
sq mi
(20.41%)
17.2 million sq
mi (30%)
57.31 million
sq mi
E-Readiness
Index
0.2740 0.4467 0.4514
Web Measures
index
0.1875 0.3725 0.3540
Human Capital
index
0.5909 0.7916 0.7825
Infrastructure
index
0.0529 0.1670 0.2104
E-Participation
index
0.0952 0.2084 0.1909
Telecom
infrastructure
index
0.03211 0.179332 0.570928
Sources: (United Nations, 2007; Internet World Stats, 2009)
[22, 11].
When it comes to information and communication
technologies (ICTs) and e-government services,
developing countries, such as those in Africa and Asia,
face more than a mere dilemma. Their decisions
whether to adopt ICTs and implement e-government
services have economic, social, educational, and
political implications and consequences, to mention a
few. The reason why it is more than a mere dilemma is
that if they decide to adopt and implement these ICTs
and e-government services, to the extent that they
invest their scarce resources, they will do so at the
expense of other essential services and functions. If
they decide not to do so, they miss the opportunity of
becoming members of, and will be left behind by, the
global information society (a society which makes
extensive use of ICTs) and economy driven by
technology more than ever. All signs point to the fact
that all African and Asian countries have, in one form
1
Proceedings of the 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - 2010
978-0-7695-3869-3/10 $26.00 © 2010 IEEE