0026-8933/99/3305- $22.00 © 1999 åÄàä “ç‡Û͇ /Interperiodica” 0801
Molecular Biology, Vol. 33, No. 5, 1999, pp. 801–806. Translated from Molekulyarnaya Biologiya, Vol. 33, No. 5, 1999, pp. 906–911.
Original Russian Text Copyright © 1999 by Berezina, Zverlov, Lunina, Chekanovskaya, Dubinina, Liebl, Velikodvorskaya.
INTRODUCTION
Thermotoga neapolitana is a Gram-positive anaer-
obic extremely thermophilic bacterium with the opti-
mal growth temperature 90°C. Huber and Stetter [1]
first found bacteria of the genus Thermotoga in geo-
thermal precipitation and hot springs of the Volcano
Island, Italy. Two closely related species, Th. neapol-
itana and Th. maritima, are obligatory heterotrophs
growing on polymeric carbohydrates, starch in partic-
ular [2]. Thermotoga amylases are highly thermo-
stable and have a high specific activity, thus being of
theoretical and industrial interest.
The objectives of this work were to construct a
Th. neapolitana genome library in Escherichia coli
strain XL1-Blue, to select recombinant clones that
express thermostable amylase, to sequence Th. nea-
politana inserts of these clones, and to purify and to
characterize their thermostable products.
EXPERIMENTAL
Bacterial strains and plasmids. We used Th. nea-
politana Z2706-MC24, E. coli XL1-Blue [3], and
pUC18 [4].
Reagents. We used trypton, yeast extract, bactoa-
gar (Difco), soluble starch, amylose, amylopectin
(Koch-Light), glycogen, pullulan, maltose, maltotri-
ose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose,
maltoheptaose, isomaltose, panose, turanose, raffi-
nose, melibiose, cellobiose, sucrose, glucose (Sigma).
Enzymes were used as recommended by Promega,
Amersham, and Boehringer Mannheim.
DNA manipulations and sequencing. Chromo-
somal DNA was isolated from Th. neapolitana culture
grown in the Institute of Microbiology [5].
To construct a genome library, Th. neapolitana
DNA was partly digested with Sau3A and ligated with
pUC18. The product mixture was used to transform
E. coli XL1-Blue.
Isolation of plasmid DNA from E. coli, hydrolysis
with restriction nucleases, ligation, agarose gel elec-
trophoresis, transformation, Southern blot hybridiza-
tion, and other manipulations were by the standard
protocols [6].
Both strands of plasmid DNA were sequenced with
a GATC Bio-Cycle sequencing kit (Konstanz) and
biotinylated primers. DNA fragments were electro-
phoretically separated in a GATC 1500 direct-blotting
electrophoresis apparatus (Konstanz) and visualized with
streptavidin-conjugated phosphatase and chromogenic
substrate NBT-BCIP (Promega). The results were ana-
lyzed with the DNASIS (Hitachi Software Engineering)
and NCBI BLAST (http:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) pro-
grams.
Detection of amylolytic activity in dishes. To
identify clones producing thermostable amylase, cells
were grown on 0.7% agar containing 0.5% substrate
APPLIED MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY
Gene and Properties of Thermostable 4-a-Glucanotransferase
of Thermotoga neapolitana
O. V. Berezina
1
, V. V. Zverlov
1
, N. A. Lunina
1
, L. A. Chekanovskaya
1
, E. N. Dubinina
1
,
W. Liebl
2
, and G. A. Velikodvorskaya
1
1
Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 123182 Russia;
E-mail: img@img.ras.ru
2
Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, George-August University, Goettingen, D-37077 Germany
Received February 18, 1999
Abstract—Two clones that produced a thermostable enzyme hydrolyzing starch, amylose, and amylopectin
were selected from a genome library of anaerobic extremely thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana.
The inserts of their recombinant plasmids were sequenced. Both plasmids had the mgtA gene for maltodextrin
glycosyltransferase of 442 amino acid residues. The deduced molecular weight of the enzyme, 51.9 kDa, was
confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Maltodextrin glycosyltransferase (4-α-glucanotransferase) [EC 2.4.1.25] hydro-
lyzed the 1,4-α-glycoside bonds in oligomeric and polymeric 1,4-α-glucans and transferred oligosaccharides
(maltotriose being the shortest one) to acceptor maltodextrins. The highest enzymic activity was observed at
pH 7.0 and at 85°C.
Key words: Thermotoga neapolitana, 4-α-glucanotransferase, thermostable amylolytic enzymes, substrate
specificity, nucleotide sequence
UDC 577.29:577.112.083.3