The Multitentaculate Cirratulidae of the Genera Cirriformia and Timarete (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Shallow Waters of Brazil Wagner F. Magalha ˜es 1 *, Victor Corre ˆ a Seixas 2 , Paulo Cesar Paiva 2 , Rodolfo Elias 3 1 Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America, 2 Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3 Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina Abstract A large number multitentaculate cirratulids have been described worldwide but most are only known through the original descriptions. Type material, voucher and recently collected specimens from Brazil were revisited in order to reveal their true identity and confirm the records of widely distributed species in this region. Six species are described, three of which are new, Cirriformia capixabensis sp. nov., Cirriformia chicoi sp. nov. and Timarete ceciliae sp. nov. COI and 16S sequences were obtained and used for inter-specific comparisons. Timarete caribous is reported from several localities along the Brazilian coast and a new synonym, Cirratulus melanacanthus, is proposed. The species Timarete oculata, originally described from Brazil and lumped into the Timarete filigera species complex, is herein revalidated and redescribed. The occurrence of the species Timarete filigera and Cirriformia tentaculata is not confirmed from the Brazilian coast. Descriptions, illustrations and a key to genera and species are provided. Citation: Magalha ˜es WF, Seixas VC, Paiva PC, Elias R (2014) The Multitentaculate Cirratulidae of the Genera Cirriformia and Timarete (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Shallow Waters of Brazil. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112727. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112727 Editor: Helge T. Lumbsch, Field Museum of Natural History, United States of America Received August 6, 2014; Accepted October 10, 2014; Published November 13, 2014 Copyright: ß 2014 Magalha ˜es et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper. Funding: The work was supported by the following: PP VS - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientı ´fico e Tecnolo ´ gico (CNPq), Coordenadoria de Aperfeic ¸oamento de Pessoal de Nı ´vel Superior (CAPES) and Fundac ¸a ˜o de Amparo a ` Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * Email: wagnerfm@hawaii.edu Introduction The multitentaculate cirratulids form a clade composed of five genera, Cirratulus Lamarck, 1801, Timarete Kinberg, 1866, Protocirrineris Czerniavsky, 1881, Cirriformia Hartman, 1936, and Fauvelicirratulus C ¸ inar & Petersen, 2011. All of these genera possess more than a single pair of tentacles attached on the dorsal part of anterior segments. These dorsal tentacles are either organized in longitudinal rows as in Protocirrineris species or in transverse or oblique groups in the remaining genera. The number, segmental origin and distribution of branchial filaments are also of generic interest. Timarete species usually have branchiae originating from the posterior end of the peristomium, anterior to the dorsal tentacles and these branchiae shift to a more dorsal location, posteriorly. The branchial filaments in Cirriformia species remain near the notopodial lobes throughout the body. Branchiae in species of Cirratulus begin on the same segment as the tentacular filaments, usually chaetiger 1. The recently described genus Fauvelicirratulus has a similar arrangement of branchiae and tentacles as in Cirratulus but differs by the presence of more than a single pair of branchiae per segment and by different types of spinous chaetae. Several multitentaculate species have been described from South America but most have been invalidated or synonymized. Cirratulus melanacanthus Fr. Mu ¨ ller & Grube in Grube, 1872 was described from Desterro, southern Brazil and includes the species Cirratulus danielsi Hansen, 1882 also described from Brazil as its junior synonym [1,2,3]. Cirratulus flavescens Grube, 1872 and Cirratulus obscurus Quatrefages, 1866 were described from Southern Brazil but later considered as homonyms [1,2,4]. Cirratulus jucundus (Kinberg, 1866), Cirratulus patagonicus (Kinberg, 1866) and Cirriformia nasuta Ehlers, 1897 were described from Argentina and are all currently considered as valid [1,5,6]. The species Audouinia oculata Treadwell, 1932 was described for southern Brazil and later placed in Timarete filigera [1,7]. Most of the recent literature on multitentaculate cirratulids from Brazil has referenced Timarete filigera and Cirriformia tentaculata (Also referred to as Timarete tentaculata) [8] but these are Mediterranean and northern Atlantic species and unless it was a human-mediated introduction, it is unlikely to occur in South America. For this reason, we investigate herein the identity of multitentaculate Cirratulidae from Brazil through re-examination of types, voucher material and recently collected specimens along the Brazilian coast. This study is the first attempt to review the multitentaculate cirratulids from the Brazilian coast and serves as a baseline for future studies concerning this diverse and complex group. Materials and Methods Specimens from several localities along the Brazilian coast (Fig. 1) were collected in soft sediment, macroalgae and coralline PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 1 November 2014 | Volume 9 | Issue 11 | e112727