Proceedings of ICAD2013 The Seventh International Conference on Axiomatic Design Worcester – June 27-28, 2013 ICAD-2013-19 Copyright © 2013 by ICAD2013 ABSTRACT The design process of product development is the earliest opportunity to integrate safety into products. The term ‘design for safety’ captures this effort to integrate safety knowledge in the design process. Whereas, reverse engineering (RE) has been a common method to obtain design feedback and knowledge of the existing system, this paper presents a method for functional reverse engineering (FRE). Axiomatic Design (AD) is an attractive support for the concept of FRE because of its criteria for evaluating designs, its standard format for recording design decisions, and its ability to present design requirements and associated design parameters. The power take-off (PTO) system is used as a case study to illustrate and examine the proposed method. Keywords: design for safety, IRAD method, functional reverse engineering, Axiomatic Design. 1 INTRODUCTION The main accountability for making a product safe lies in the design process. The term ‘design for safety’ captures this effort to integrate the knowledge on safety in the design process. Hazards should be eliminated and risk reduced during early design phases of the product. Furthermore, safeguards and safety sheets should be used to mitigate any residual risk. General principles for safe design of machinery are stated in safety standards type A [ISO 12100, 2010; ISO/TR 14121-2, 2008]. These two standards show that an unacceptable risk may be reduced by the designer based on a four-step safety improvement strategy in this order of priority: 1. Elimination of hazards by design; 2. Risk reduction by design. This can be obtained by reducing energy, using more reliable components and etc; 3. Safeguarding by using barriers, as well as implementing protective measures through engineering controls and specific safety functions; 4. Adopt administrative measures to inform and warn users about residual risks. Furthermore, many standards (type B and type C) have been issued to detail the design requirements, typical applications, and mode of utilization of various types of safeguards. In parallel, much research has been conducted to integrate safety objectives, constraints and requirements in the design processes [Hasan et al., 2003; Fadier and De la Garza, 2006; Houssin et al., 2011]. Although there is much research on safety considerations in the design process, we are not aware of any full general accounts. In this context, Ghemraoui et al. [2009a; 2009b; 2011] attempted to define safety objectives early in the product design process by proposing the innovative risk assessment design (IRAD) method. This method offers the mechanism for generating non-technical design objectives when preparing the requirements and constraints list based on AD. Figure 1. Experience feedback analysis For successful safety integration in design, design experiences to answer what-how and then know-how play a crucial role. On the other hand, to make an effective design, designers would like to reuse existing design knowledge along meaning, reasons, arguments, choices, consequences, etc. Indeed, it is important to extract design information to use in the design process. However, IRAD does not yet guide the designers how to achieve these aims. TOWARD DESIGN FOR SAFETY PART 1: FUNCTIONAL REVERSE ENGINEERING DRIVEN BY AXIOMATIC DESIGN Leyla Sadeghi leyla.sadeghi@irstea.fr National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture- Irstea rue Pierre Gilles de Gennes, 92761, Antony cedex, France Luc Mathieu luc.mathieu@lurpa.ens-cachan,fr Automated Production Research Laboratory- LURPA- ENS de Cachan- Paris 11, 61 avenue du president Wilson, 94235, Cachan cedex, France Nicolas Tricot nicolas.tricot@irstea.fr National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture- Irstea rue Pierre Gilles de Gennes, 92761, Antony cedex, France Lama Al-Bassit lama.al bassit@irstea.fr National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture- Irstea rue Pierre Gilles de Gennes, 92761, Antony cedex, France Rima Ghemraoui rima.ghemraoui@gmail.com Natural Grass 106 rue des poissonniers, 75018 Paris, France Technical solution Technical requirements Experience feedbacks Risk definition Safety requirements