Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2004, 11, 292–297
292 © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
HANSEN T., HATLING T., LIDAL E. & RUUD T. (2004) Journal of Psychiatric and
Mental Health Nursing 11, 292–297
The user perspective: respected or rejected in mental health care?
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which patient views influence treat-
ment planning by measuring the level of agreement between patients and health workers
regarding patient needs as well as the impact of patient wishes on decision making when
viewpoints conflict. Data on patient characteristics and needs were collected for a sample of
1080 patients within Norwegian mental health care using patient interviews and health
worker ratings. Results of the assessment were then reviewed by multidisciplinary treatment
teams responsible for making decisions regarding patient needs for services. On average,
patients, health workers, and teams identified 4.3 (SD = 4.2), 9.3 (SD = 5.5), and 10.3
(SD = 5.7), respectively, of 40 possible needs per patient. In cases where patient and health
workers disagreed on the presence of a need, the teams tended to concur with the health
worker. Interestingly, health care workers and teams were far more inclined than their
patients to identify needs related to professional monitoring and follow-up. Results may
indicate that contemporary tenets in mental health care regarding user involvement and
autonomy are not sufficiently emphasized in practice.
Keywords: autonomy, empowerment, mental health care, need assessment, Norway, pro-
fessionals, psychiatry, user involvement
Accepted for publication: 18 November 2003
et al.
The user perspective: respected or rejected in mental health care?
T. HANSEN
1
, cand. polit(psychology), T. HATLING
1
, RN cand. polit( S ociology),
E. LIDAL
2
, RN & T. RUUD
3
, MD P h D
1
Researcher,
2
Project Manager and
3
Research Director, Department of Mental Health Services Research, SINTEF
Unimed, Trondheim, Norway
Correspondence:
Thomas Hansen
NOVA
Pb. 3223 Elisenberg
0208 OSLO
Norway
E-mail: han@nova.no
Introduction
Empowerment and user involvement are important tenets
of contemporary mental health care. Attributes of these
concepts include mutual decision making, patients’ right
to choose, and respect and valuation of the patients’ view
(Rodwell 1996, Woodward 1998). The stated core objec-
tives embodied in the Norwegian Parliament’s White Paper
no. 25, Openness and Comprehensiveness, emphasize pro-
fessional encouragement in promoting user participation
and that patient viewpoints should be taken into account
when making decisions regarding services. The Patient
Rights Act of 2000 requires health care professionals to
include patient participation in service planning. Similar
user involvement policies and legislations also exist in the
UK and other countries (Hickey & Kipping 1998, Leese
et al. 1998).
The question remains whether new policies surrounding
user participation and self-determination have led to sig-
nificant alterations in practice (Rudman 1996, Poulton
1999, Lammers & Happell 2003). It is argued that to date,
professionals are unwilling to contemplate sharing power
with the patient and that the view ‘professionals know best’
still prevails (Myers & MacDonald 1996, Forbes & Sash-
idharan 1997, Hickey & Kipping 1998).
In contrast, some fear that the new developments and
the stigma of paternalism will lead to an overemphasis on
patient autonomy, which may suppress beneficent interven-
tion (Breeze 1998, Woodward 1998, Verkerk 1999). For
patients with profound mental problems, paternalistic deci-