Protist, Vol. 165, 688–700, September 2014 http://www.elsevier.de/protis Published online date 2 July 2014 ORIGINAL PAPER Hemolivia and Hepatozoon: Haemogregarines with Tangled Evolutionary Relationships Jana Kvi ˇ cerová a,b,1 , Václav Hyp ˇ sa a,b , Nela Dvoˇ ráková c,d , Peter Mikulí ˇ cek e , David Jandzik e,f , Michael George Gardner g,h , Hossein Javanbakht i , Ghoulem Tiar j , and Pavel ˇ Sirok ´ y c,d a Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Braniˇ sovská 31, 370 05 ˇ Ceské Bud ˇ ejovice, Czech Republic b Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Braniˇ sovská 31, 370 05 ˇ Ceské Bud ˇ ejovice, Czech Republic c Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tˇ r. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic d CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tˇ r. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic e Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic f Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EBIO), Ramaley N122, Campus Box 334, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO-80309-0334, USA g School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia, Australia h Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia, Australia i Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Baghabrisham 67149, Kermanshah, Iran j Department of Biology, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12, El Hadjar, 23000 Annaba, Algeria Submitted February 2, 2014; Accepted June 25, 2014 Monitoring Editor: Dmitri Maslov The generic name Hemolivia has been used for haemogregarines characterized by morphological and biological features. The few molecular studies, focused on other haemogregarine genera but involv- ing Hemolivia samples, indicated its close relationship to the genus Hepatozoon. Here we analyze molecular data for Hemolivia from a broad geographic area and host spectrum and provide detailed 1 Corresponding author. Fax +420-38-7776273 e-mail janaq@centrum.cz (J. Kviˇ cerová). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2014.06.001 1434-4610/© 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.