Chapter 15
Ice Loss and Slope Stability
in High-Mountain Regions
Philip Deline
1
, Stephan Gruber
2
, Reynald Delaloye
3
, Luzia Fischer
4
,
Marten Geertsema
5
, Marco Giardino
6
, Andreas Hasler
7
,
Martin Kirkbride
8
, Michael Krautblatter
9
, Florence Magnin
1
,
Samuel McColl
10
, Ludovic Ravanel
1
and Philippe Schoeneich
11
1
EDYTEM Lab, Universite´de Savoie, CNRS, Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex, France,
2
Department
of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada,
3
Department
of Geosciences, Geography, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,
4
Norwegian
Geological Survey, Trondheim, Norway,
5
Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource
Operations, Prince George, BC, Canada,
6
GeoSitLab, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra,
Universita`di Torino, Italy,
7
Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland,
8
Geography, School of the Environment, University of Dundee, United Kingdom,
9
Technische
Universita¨t Mu¨nchen, Germany,
10
Physical Geography Group, Institute of Agriculture and
Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, Australia,
11
Institut de Ge´ographie Alpine,
Universite´de Grenoble, CNRS, Grenoble, France
ABSTRACT
The present time is one significant stage in the adjustment of mountain slopes to climate
change, and specifically atmospheric warming. This review examines the state of un-
derstanding of the responses of mid-latitude alpine landscapes to recent cryospheric
change, and summarizes the variety and complexity of documented landscape re-
sponses involving glaciers, moraines, rock and debris slopes, and rock glaciers. These
indicate how a common general forcing translates into varied site-specific slope re-
sponses according to material structures and properties, thermal and hydrological
environments, process rates, and prior slope histories. Warming of permafrost in rock
and debris slopes has demonstrably increased instability, manifest as rock glacier
acceleration, rock falls, debris flows, and related phenomena. Changes in glacier
geometry influence stress fields in rock and debris slopes, and some failures appear to
be accelerating toward catastrophic failure. Several sites now require expensive
monitoring and modeling to design effective risk-reduction strategies, especially where
new lakes as multipliers of hazard potential form, and new activities and infrastructure
are developed.
Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394849-6.00015-9
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