Developing and Implementing Virtual and Remote Labs for Control Education:
The UNED pilot experience
S. Dormido, H. Vargas, J. Sánchez, R. Dormido, N. Duro, S. Dormido-Canto, F. Morilla *
*Dpto. Informática y Automática, UNED, c/. Juan del Rosal 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain (e-mail: hvargas@bec.uned.es)
Abstract: Last years, research efforts on the development of virtual and remote laboratories in control
engineering education have been reported in many conferences, workshops and journals. However, it is
observed that pilot experiences about the utilization of web-based laboratories are not habitual practices.
In this paper it is described the pilot experience of the Department of Computer Science and Automatic
Control of the Spanish University of Distance Learning (UNED) about the introduction of three web-
based laboratories in a course on process control. This experience begins with descriptions of the tools
employed to develop client and server-sides and the collaborative environment used to publish the labs in
Internet. Attention is due to the concept of task protocol. It consists essentially of an ordered list of
activities that students must execute in the virtual and remote mode of each one of the three web-based
laboratories. To conclude, results of the pilot experience are given by means of evaluation questionnaires.
1. INTRODUCTION
Currently, it is a reality that the development of web-based
laboratories in some technical and scientific disciplines can
already be considered as a mature and well-established
technology. This statement is especially true and relevant in
the control engineering field where there is a narrow and
clear link between graphical representations (Nyquist, Bode,
Nichols) and the mathematical expressions of systems. It has
allowed the rising of new concepts in the development of
either virtual or remote labs: interactivity (Dormido, 2004)
(Sánchez et al., 2004a) (Guzmán, 2006), augmented reality
(Gillet et al., 2001), networks of labs (Casini et al., 2005)
(Pastor et al., 2003), etc. A proof of that is the regular
celebration of international congresses, workshops and
seminars devoted to the development, deployment and
utilization of virtual and remote laboratories using Internet as
the connecting channel among clients, that is, students, and
servers, that is, real processes or models.
Yet, until now, it was not less true that in many cases the
development of a web-based laboratory was just a final point,
and its application in the regular teaching with students was
not considered. Fortunately, this aptitude of the university
teaching staff is steadily changing and the release and use of
web-based labs and the learning resources associated to them
(quizzes, assignments, lectures, practice homework, etc.) is
becoming both a reality as a research topic. And this situation
must be considered as the best one since a feedback loop is
closed: experiences derived of the application of web-based
labs show up the necessity of research in new tools,
techniques and learning processes, and, as direct consequence
of that, the availability of new tools and design techniques
produces improved web-based labs, and so on.
UNED is the Spanish university for distance education and it
is on charge of the higher education of nearly 120.000
students distributed all around the country. Up to recent
years, the UNED’s distance methodology was exclusively
based on traditional tools (phone, electronic mail, postal mail,
face-to-face laboratories, etc), although recently a great
institutional effort is been accomplished to introduce in the
teaching process learning content management systems
(WebCT, Alf) specially adapted to fulfil the particular
necessities and functionalities of our university. Also, lastly
this effort is being increased as consequence of the put in the
stage of the Bologna process.
The adaptation of the UNED’s distance methodology to the
Bologna requirements is not very difficult since there are
many points in common. But, however, the transformation of
the current conception of the engineering laboratories to
Bologna is not solved by now and, here is where virtual and
remote laboratories play a crucial role.
Now, when UNED students must follow out practical
experiences to complete some engineering and science
courses, they have to stay in Madrid for one or two weeks to
attend the laboratories every day (like students of traditional
universities). To get that, many students have to spend some
holidays with the inconveniences generated in the family and
working life. For example, to get the degree in Physics from
the UNED, students must complete an introductory course on
process control (Automatica I, 2007) and they have to attend
the laboratory for a week, eight hours per day to complete the
hands-on experiments on system identification and control.
In a try to adapt this introductory course on process control to
the future European Space of Higher Education and to apply
our experience on virtual and remote laboratories in control
engineering, last academic year these control laboratories
were transformed into web-based and pilot experiences were
Proceedings of the 17th World Congress
The International Federation of Automatic Control
Seoul, Korea, July 6-11, 2008
978-1-1234-7890-2/08/$20.00 © 2008 IFAC 8159 10.3182/20080706-5-KR-1001.0624