Case study
International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, November 2014, Vol 21, No 11 539
© 2014 MA Healthcare Ltd
The effect of the Nintendo Wii
Fit on exercise capacity
and gait in an elderly woman
with CREST syndrome
Background/Purpose: Physical deconditioning and impaired balance and gait are common barriers
to exercise in frail older adults. This case report describes the eficacy of Nintendo Wii Fit exercises
in improving functional capacity, exercise tolerance, strength and balance in an elderly woman with
CREST syndrome and multiple chronic conditions.
Case description: A sedentary 77-year-old woman with: scleroderma (CREST syndrome) and
secondary Sjögren’s syndrome; pulmonary hypertension; coronary artery disease; interstitial lung
disease; and tremor. The patient could ambulate with a cane and had a high risk of falling.
Methods: The participant completed three 30-minute sessions of Wii Fit exercises per week for
12 weeks. The exercises included step aerobics, marching and interactive games to develop balance,
weight transfer and upper and lower body strength.
Results: Substantial improvements were seen in the following: 6-minute walk test (6MWT) (100%);
Timed Up and Go (TUG) (5.3%); 30-second sit to stand (25%); hand grip strength (right 21%;
left 8.6%); ankle plantarlexion (right 16.7%; left 33.3%) and dorsilexion (right 125%; left 88.9%),
Tinetti Balance and Gait Assessment (balance score 35.5%; falls eficacy scale score 21.4%); resting
systolic blood pressure (5.1%); and oxygen saturation (3.3%). The average movement of centre of
pressure decreased post-intervention, but average velocity increased.
Conclusions: Speciic Wii Fit games may improve health, exercise capacity, mobility, balance and fall
risk in older adults affected with CREST and associated severe cardiopulmonary symptoms.
Key words: n Sjögren’s syndrome n Pulmonary hypertension n Nintendo Wii Fit n Exercise rehabilitation
Submitted 9 May 2014, sent back for revisions 17 July 2014; accepted for publication following double-blind peer
review 6 October 2014
Suzanne Broadbent, Zachary Crowley-McHattan, Shi Zhou
C
REST syndrome is the limited
cutaneous form of systemic sclerosis,
a multisystem connective tissue
disorder (Alkotob et al, 2006). The
acronym ‘CREST’ refers to the five main
features of the condition: calcinosis; Raynaud’s
phenomenon; esophageal dysmotility;
sclerodactyly; and telangiectasia. Further signs
and symptoms include: pulmonary arterial
hypertension; dyspnoea; joint inflammation;
muscle weakness and fatigue (Berends et al,
2000). There is no cure and the management
involves medications to reduce symptoms
(Sanchez et al, 1999). Individuals with
CREST syndrome are likely to be physically
deconditioned (Geirsson et al, 1989; Morelli
et al, 2000). Although exercise may improve
aerobic capacity and morbidity in cardiac
patients, it is often restricted in CREST patients
on medical advice to reduce the likelihood
of right heart failure and severe pulmonary
hypertension (Sanchez et al, 1999).
Barriers to exercise and mobility include:
increased cardiac output leading to worsening
cardiac symptoms (heart failure, conduction
disorders, arrhythmias); exertional dyspnoea;
and fatigue (Sanchez et al, 1999; Alkotob et al,
2006). Joint pain and muscle weakness affect
muscular strength, balance and gait (Hackett et
al, 2012). Age-related decrements in walking
speed, stride, hip, knee and ankle torque, ankle
range of motion (ROM), and balance contribute
to increased risk of falls, as do changes in visual,
vestibular and somatosensory systems, and reac-
tion time (Menz et al, 2005; Barak et al, 2006;
Cao et al, 2007). Evidence suggests combined
aerobic, strength, gait and balance training can
significantly improve cardiorespiratory fitness
and falls risk in older adults (Shumway-Cook et
al; 2000 Menz et al, 2005; Cao et al, 2007).
Suzanne Broadbent,
senior lecturer in clinical
exercise physiology and
rehabilitation, School
of Health and Human
Sciences, Southern Cross
University, Lismore, NSW
Australia;
Zachary Crowley-
McHattan, lecturer in
motor control, School
of Health and Human
Sciences, Southern Cross
University, Lismore, NSW
Australia;
Shi Zhou, professor
of exercise physiology,
School of Health and
Human Sciences,
Southern Cross
University, Lismore, NSW
Australia.
Correspondence to:
Suzanne Broadbent
E-mail: suzanne.
broadbent@scu.edu.au