Mineralogy and Petrology (2006) 87: 351–384 DOI 10.1007/s00710-006-0125-9 Gold scavenged by bismuth melts: An example from Alpine shear-remobilizates in the Highis ° Massif, Romania C. L. Ciobanu 1 , N. J. Cook 2 , F. Damian 3 , and G. Damian 3 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia and South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia 2 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 3 North University of Baia Mare, Baia Mare, Romania Received April 25, 2005; revised version accepted February 27, 2006 Published online June 6, 2006; # Springer-Verlag 2006 Editorial handling: P. Spry Summary Gold mineralization occurs in the S ° oimus ° Ilii vein, the main Cu prospect in the Highis ° Massif, Western Apuseni Mts., Romania. The Highis ° Massif is part of the Highis ° Biharia Shear Zone, a 320–300 Ma Variscan greenschist belt, with a 114–100 Ma Alpine overprint. In Highis ° , phyllonites enclose an igneous core consisting of an Early Permian basic complex intruded by Middle Permian granitoids. The vein is hosted within basalt hornfels at its contact with the 264 Ma Jernova granite. Gold is not only present as native gold, but also as jonassonite (ideally AuBi 5 S 4 ). The latter occurs as inclusions 1–30 mm in size in chalcopyrite; microanalysis gives the empirical formulae Au 1.02 (Pb 0.47 Bi 4.51 ) 4.98 S 4. The two Au minerals are spatially associated with Bi–(Pb) sulfosalts (oversubstituted bismuthinite, cosalite) and sulfotellurides=selenides (ingo- dite, ikunolite and laitakarite) in blebs=patches, mainly hosted in chalcopyrite. This Au–Bi–Te association overprints an earlier, chalcopyrite-quartz assemblage, occurring as trails along discrete zones of brecciation that crosscut former mineral boundaries. Curvilinear and cuspate boundary textures within the blebs=patches suggest deposition in a molten form. Mineral associations in combination with phase relations indicate that the Au–Bi–Te association formed as a result of melting of pre-existing native Bi (and possibly sulfosalts) at 400  C under sulfidation conditions. These melts incorporated Au, Pb, Te and S as they moved in the vein during shearing and were locked within dilational sites. Native Bi occurs as coarse aggregates along vein margins, but in the Au–Bi–Te association, it is present only as small droplets in shear gashes, never togeth- er with other Bi- and Au-minerals. The Bi-derived melts are part of an internal remo- bilizate which also includes chlorite and adularia. Minerals in the system Au–Bi–Te