Map Asia 2003 Land Information System
Map Asia Conference 2003
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Geospatial Interoperability via the Web: Supporting Land
Administration in Kuala Lumpur
Mr Sanphet Chunithipaisan
1
Mr Philip James
1
Sanphet.Chunithipaisan@ncl.ac.uk Philip.James@ncl.ac.uk
Prof David Parker
1
Mr Zainal Abdul Majeed
1
Mr Simon Abele
1
David.Parker@ncl.ac.uk Zainal.Abdul-Majeed@ncl.ac.uk Simon.Abele@ncl.ac.uk
1
School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences
University of Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Abstract
This paper highlights a number of issues currently facing the access, delivery and use of geospatial
information (GI) via the World Wide Web (WWW, Web). Taking a practical, rather than conceptual
approach, particular focus has been placed on the need for the identification and application of
existing geospatial interoperable standards in addressing some of these issues. Therefore a range of
solutions have been developed around the provision of land information and administration within
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As widely as possible existing geospatial interoperable standards, protocols
and technologies have been used to develop solutions to the problems discussed in this paper. The
research also highlights some of the problems encountered in implementing current geospatial
standards.
Background and Motivation
There are a number of GIS used in organisations to manage, maintain and distribute their data.
Organisations maintain and provide specialised data according to their functions, however in many
cases users or even organisations themselves need other datasets for a particular application. The
data integration between different systems is not straightforward and time consuming [1]. Likewise
proprietary data formats are a major obstruction for data integration. Moreover, the addition and
integration of data into existing databases poses many additional challenges.
The growth of Internet access and use coupled with advancements in web based technologies over
the past decade has provided new possibilities for the access, delivery and use of GI [6]. In recent
years the GI sector has begun to recognise the importance and role of the web for the dissemination
of spatial information, with many GI technology vendors now offering extended systems of Internet
Map Server (IMS) to their desktop products e.g. ArcIMS, Geomedia, GE Smallworld IMS. The
development of such systems has introduced and highlighted issues pertinent to the use of GI via the
web. However, such systems still require data in their own proprietary formats. Proprietary IMS also
typically disseminate these data in a proprietary format. In many cases we need to combine and
distribute data from multiple heterogeneous systems. This requirement is hard to achieve using
existing GIS.
Several organisations are now actively involved in addressing the problems of geospatial
interoperability. The most prominent of these being the Open GIS Consortium (OGC) which has
developed and put forward a number of specifications and standards, aimed at promoting data
sharing and dissemination amongst the GI community. Increasingly OGC specifications [5] are being
adopted and implemented by GI technology vendors and users to provide solutions to the problems of
web based GI dissemination. In particular; the Geographic Markup Language (GML) and web map
services (e.g. Web Map Server (WMS), Web Feature Server (WFS)) looks set to play an increasingly
crucial role in the future distribution of GI and services. The basic operation of requesting and
retrieving data are performed via Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) and uses the Common Gateway
Interface (CGI) protocol to pass the request details.