Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy: page 1 of 10
doi:10.1017/S1352465805002730
Validation of the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ)
in an Eating Disorders Population
Simona Calugi and Riccardo Dalle Grave
Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Italy
Marta Ghisi and Ezio Sanavio
Padua University, Italy
Abstract. The aim of this study was to validate the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) in an
eating disorder population, using students in psychology as control. Five hundred and seventy-
three females (422 controls and 151 eating disorders patients, mean age 24.1 ± 5.9 years)
completed the BCQ and measures of eating disorders psychopathology. Confirmatory factor
analysis confirmed that the BCQ measures the global construct of body checking with three
correlated subfactors. The BCQ has good test-retest reliability (0.90), and the subfactors had
good internal consistency (0.90, 0.92, and 0.84). The BCQ correlates with other body image
and eating disorders measures, indicating that the BCQ measure has good concurrent validity.
Finally, the BCQ reliably distinguishes eating disorders patients from controls, as well as
“dieters” from “non-dieters.” The study provides support for factor structure, validity and
reliability of the BCQ on eating disorders population and supports the use of this questionnaire
in cross-national studies.
Keywords: Body checking, eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, psychological
tests.
The over-evaluation of shape and weight is of primary importance in maintaining eating disorders
(Dalle Grave, 1998; Fairburn, Cooper, and Shafran, 2003; Meneghelli, Adami, Gandolfo, and
Scopinaro, 1995). Most of the clinical features observed in eating disorders patients are derived
directly or indirectly from this core psychopathology (Fairburn et al., 2003). Typical behaviour
in patients with an over-evaluation of shape and weight is shape and weight checking, or “body
checking”. Typical body checking behaviours include checking one’s weight frequently, viewing
one’s appearance hypercritically, checking size of specific body parts or pinching fat in order to
compare one’s body with others, and to look for reassurance about one’s shape (Rosen, 1997).
Recent cognitive behavioural theories suggest that body checking is of primary importance in
maintaining anorexia nervosa (Fairburn et al., 2003) and other eating disorders (Fairburn et al.,
Reprint requests to Riccardo Dalle Grave, Department of Eating and Weight Disorder, Villa Garda Hospital, Via
Montabaldo 89, 37016 Garda (Vr), Italy. E-mail: rdalleg@tin.it
© 2006 British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies