International Journal of Medical Education. 2011; 2:133-139
ISSN: 2042-6372
DOI: 10.5116/ijme.4ec0.08df
133
© 2011 Mark F.P. Bax et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use of
work provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
How do medical specialists perceive their
competency as physician -managers?
Mark F.P. Bax
1
, Lizanne Berkenbosch
2
, Jamiu O. Busari
3
1
Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands
2
School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht,
The Netherlands
3
Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University
of Maastricht, The Netherlands
Accepted: November 12, 2011
Abstract
Objectives: We investigated specialists' self-perceived
competency as managers as well as their perceived need for
management education and preferences regarding topics,
duration and format of training.
Methods: We conducted a quantitative study of 127
medical specialists (response rate 42.6%) from four Dutch
hospitals. A 36-item questionnaire was designed and sent by
email, using the Survey Monkey web application.
Quantitative content analysis was employed to analyse data.
Results: Specialists from 20 different specialties participated
in the survey. The mean age was 47 years (SD=8.5) and the
majority (76%) were male. Fifty-one per cent had prior
management training and 72% had experience in a
management position. Despite general good self-ratings,
over 50% rated the balance of their personal and working
life as neutral or lower. The specialists felt most competent
in finding resources to keep their knowledge up to date.
Previous management experience (p=0.001), surgical
specialty (p=0.01) and >10 years of work experience
(p=0.00) were related to higher ratings on overall manage-
ment competency. Sixty-eight per cent (84/124) indicated a
need for management training. The preferred training
method was a workshop (79.3%; 96/121) by extramural
experts (89.3%; 108/121) as part of the postgraduate
curriculum (94.2%; 141/121). The preferred topics were
knowledge of the healthcare system and time management.
Conclusions: Medical specialists felt competent about their
management knowledge and skills, but indicated a need for
management training. The indicated preferences for the
training during residency and workshop format can be
helpful in designing a management training curriculum.
Keywords: Medical specialists, self-assessment, manage-
ment competency, training, needs assessment
Introduction
In the last couple of years, extensive changes have been
made to postgraduate specialty training programmes in
response to the changing expectations of patients and the
increasing demands regarding physician accountability.
One of the pioneers of these innovations was the Royal
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada who devel-
oped a competency-based framework for postgraduate
specialty training. This framework comprised of the seven
“roles” of physicians: Medical Expert, Communicator,
Collaborator, Manager, Health Advocate, Scholar and
Professional.
1
In 1999 the Accreditation Council for Gradu-
ate Medical Education established requirements for gradu-
ate medical education programmes in the United States
based on six similar competency areas: patient care, medical
knowledge, practice-based learning and improvement,
interpersonal skills, professionalism and systems-based
practice.
2
Following these initiatives, specialist training
bodies in other countries, have also introduced similar
Correspondence: Jamiu O. Busari, Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine
and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, POB 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Email: Jamiu.busari@maastrichtuniversity.nl