Brief report Altered levels of adipocytokines in type 2 diabetic cigarette smokers § Nasser M. Al-Daghri *, Omar S. Al-Attas, Tajamul Hussain, Shaun Sabico, Ahmed Bamakhramah Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 1. Introduction Adipocytokines including leptin, adiponectin and resistin are the major adipose tissue derived protein hormones, with multiple biological functions [1]. Cigarette smoking alters adipocytokine levels which are associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabtes, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease [2–8]. Interestingly smoking cessation is associated with abnormal weight gain and metabolic abnormalities [9]. In this study we measured the leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels in type 2 diabetic non-smokers, smokers and ex- smokers in Saudi Arabian population. Incidentally, both type 2 diabetes and cigarette smoking are highly prevalent in Saudi Arabia [10]. 2. Subjects and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines set by the ethics committee of the College of Medicine, King Saud University. Written and informed consent was obtained from all the participants. Serum glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using standard enzymatic methods and a fully automated diabetes research and clinical practice 83 (2009) e 37– e 39 article info Article history: Received 10 November 2008 Received in revised form 10 November 2008 Accepted 12 November 2008 Published on line 27 December 2008 Keywords: Type 2 diabetes Cigarette smoking Leptin Adiponectin Resistin Saudi Arabia abstract Hyperleptinemia, hypoadiponectinemia, and hyperresistinemia were found to be signifi- cantly higher with odds ratios (CI 95%) of 2.15, 2.05 and 3.05, respectively, among cigarette smokers with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabian population. Smoking cessation restored the adiponectin and leptin levels while having a modest effect on resistin levels. # 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. § Grant Support: Saudi Arabian Basic Industries Company (SABIC). * Corresponding author at: Department of Biochemistry, PO Box: 2455, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Tel.: +966 14675792; fax: +966 14675931. E-mail address: nasseraldaghri@hotmail.com (N.M. Al-Daghri). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/diabres 0168-8227/$ – see front matter # 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.11.013