Mechanical Properties of Metal Matrix Nanocomposites Synthesized by
Selective Laser Melting Measured by Depth Sensing Indentation
Technique
Anna Biedunkiewicz
1,a
, Pawel Figiel
1,b
, Witold Biedunkiewicz
1,c
,
Dariusz Grzesiak
1,d
, Marta Krawczyk
1,e
and Urszula Gabriel-Polrolniczak
2,f
1
West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastow Ave. 17, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
2
Maritime University of Szczecin, Waly Chrobrego St. 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin
a
anna.biedunkiewicz@zut.edu.pl,
b
pfigiel@zut.edu.pl,
c
witold.biedunkiewicz@zut.edu.pl,
d
dariusz.grzesiak@zut.edu.pl,
e
marta.krawczyk@zut.edu.pl,
f
u.polrolniczak@am.szczecin.pl
Keywords: nanoindentation, SLS/M, nanocomposites, MMC
Abstract. This work presents an investigation on basic mechanical properties (hardness, Young
modulus) of metal matrix composites (MMC) reinforced with non-oxide ceramic nanoparticles by
means of nanoindentation measurements. The evaluated materials were manufactured by selective
laser sintering and/or melting (SLS/M). As a matrix 316L stainless steel and as a reinforcing phase
TiC nanoparticles were used. The influence of nanoscale reinforcement on the mechanical
properties of MMC manufactured with SLS/M process was examined. In this case statistical
evaluation of hardness and Young modulus based on nanoindentation data was performed.
Introduction
It is well established that the incorporation of hard, second-phase particles suitably added to ferrous
matrices can significantly improve certain material properties. Ferrous-based metal matrix
composites reinforced with particles exhibit both excellent wear and cutting properties, and are
competitive to existing materials used in heavy wear applications.
In this class of engineering materials, iron-based composites containing TiC have received
particular attention [1,2]. They exhibit the toughness and machinability comparable with
conventional alloy steels combined with significant improvements in hardness and wear resistance.
Powder metallurgy roots are employed on an industrial scale to produce iron based TiC metal
matrix composites.
One of the ways for obtaining functional composite materials is the technology based on the
selective laser sintering or melting (SLS/M) of the powders. This method belongs to promising
rapid prototyping (RP) processes due to its ability to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) metal parts
directly according to CAD model. This work presents an experimental investigation of
nanocrystalline TiC/ stainless steel composite prepared by SLS/M method using stainless steel
powder and titanium carbide powder as refractory material prepared by sol-gel method [3].
This paper reports comparative results of the investigations of nc-TiC/316 steel composites at
different TiC contents. In order to evaluate the difference in mechanical performance of different
zones in the composites nanoindentation was employed [4,5]. Hardness and elastic modulus were
determined. Nanoindentation technique is used for obtaining quantitative data on elastic properties
of material in small volumes, typically in submicron length scale.
Experimental
As matrix the stainless steel 1.4404 (AISI 316L) from SLM Solutions GmbH, and as the hard,
second-phase nc-TiC particles, in powder form were used. The nc-TiC powders were obtained by
non-hydrolytic sol-gel methods [6]. The average size of TiC crystallites was in a range of 40÷100
nm (Fig. 1a). For sintering process the mixtures of the powders composed of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40
Key Engineering Materials Vol. 586 (2014) pp 83-86
Online available since 2013/Sep/10 at www.scientific.net
© (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.586.83
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of TTP,
www.ttp.net. (ID: 212.14.32.55-16/01/15,11:28:22)