Exploring the Heart:
Entrepreneurial
Emotion Is a Hot Topic
Melissa S. Cardon
Maw-Der Foo
Dean Shepherd
Johan Wiklund
Entrepreneurial emotion refers to the affect, emotions, moods, and/or feelings—of individu-
als or a collective—that are antecedent to, concurrent with, and/or a consequence of, the
entrepreneurial process, meaning the recognition/creation, evaluation, reformulation, and/or
the exploitation of a possible opportunity. In this paper, we explore this working definition of
entrepreneurial emotion, what it means, and some important advances the field has made in
this area of research. We also highlight fundamental avenues for future research that are
sorely in need of study. Finally, we introduce the seven papers in this special issue on the
Heart of Entrepreneurship and how they move the conversation on entrepreneurial emotion
forward.
Introduction
Scholars have long recognized the importance of emotions at work (see Hochschild,
1983), and for our purposes even more importantly that entrepreneurship is an emotional
journey (Baron, 2008). What is it about the entrepreneurial context that makes being an
entrepreneur such as emotional endeavor? Perhaps it is the extreme experience that
entrepreneurship involves (Schindehutte, Morris, & Allen, 2006). Perhaps it is the close
bond often typified in entrepreneurship between entrepreneur and organization (Cardon,
Zietsma, Saparito, Matherne, & Davis, 2005). Or perhaps the extreme levels of uncer-
tainty and personal risk involved contribute to the entrepreneurial journey being an
emotional one (Baron). Regardless of the reason, entrepreneurship is clearly an emotional
process.
Because entrepreneurship provides an extreme emotional context within which to
study affect, we have a unique opportunity to not only import theories from psychology
and other disciplines but also to develop and extend those theories and contribute back to
those core disciplines. We have made many advances toward such a goal. Prominent
examples include Dean Shepherd and colleagues’ work on understanding workplace grief
Please send correspondence to: Melissa S. Cardon, tel.: 914-773-3618; e-mail: mcardon@pace.edu, to
Maw-Der Foo at foom@colorado.edu, Dean Shepherd at shepherd@indiana.edu, and to Johan Wiklund at
jwiklund@syr.edu.
P T E
&
1042-2587
© 2012 Baylor University
1 January, 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00501.x