Early Intervention in the Real World
Evaluating an individualized lifestyle and life
skills intervention to prevent
antipsychotic-induced weight gain in
first-episode psychosis
Jackie Curtis,
1,2
Andrew Watkins,
1,3
Simon Rosenbaum,
1,2,4
Scott Teasdale,
1,2
Megan Kalucy,
1,2
Katherine Samaras
5,6
and Philip B. Ward
2,7
1
Early Psychosis Programme, The Bondi
Centre, South Eastern Sydney Local
Health District,
2
School of Psychiatry,
University of New South Wales,
3
Faculty
of Health, University of Technology
Sydney,
4
Musculoskeletal Division, The
George Institute for Global Health,
School of Public Health, Sydney
University, Sydney,
5
Department of
Endocrinology, St. Vincent’s Hospital,
6
Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan
Institute of Medical Research,
Darlinghurst, and
7
Schizophrenia
Research Unit, South Western Sydney
Local Health District, Liverpool, New
South Wales, Australia
Corresponding author: Associate
Professor Philip B. Ward, School of
Psychiatry, University of New South
Wales, 26 Llandaff Street, Bondi Junction,
NSW 2022, Australia.
Email: p.ward@unsw.edu.au
Received 31 July 2014; accepted 19
December 2014
Abstract
Aim: Initiating antipsychotic medica-
tion frequently induces rapid, clini-
cally significant weight gain. We
aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of
a lifestyle and life skills intervention,
delivered within 4 weeks of antipsy-
chotic medication initiation, in
attenuating weight gain in youth aged
14–25 years with first-episode psy-
chosis (FEP).
Methods: We undertook a prospec-
tive, controlled study in two early
psychosis community services. Inter-
vention participants (n = 16) received
a 12-week individualized intervention
delivered by specialist clinical staff
(nurse, dietician and exercise physi-
ologist) and youth peer wellness
coaches, in addition to standard care.
A comparison group was recruited
from a similar service and received
standard care (n = 12).
Results: The intervention group
experienced significantly less weight
gain at 12 weeks compared to stand-
ard care (1.8 kg, 95% CI -0.4 to 2.8 vs.
7.8 kg, 4.8–10.7, P < 0.001). Thirteen
per cent (2/16) of the intervention
group experienced clinically signifi-
cant weight gain (greater than 7% of
baseline weight), while 75% (9/12) of
the standard care group experienced
this level of weight gain. Similar posi-
tive effects of the intervention were
observed for waist circumference.
Conclusions: A lifestyle and life skills
intervention delivered as part of
standard care attenuated antipsy-
chotic-induced weight gain in young
people with FEP.The intervention was
acceptable to the young people
referred to the service. Such interven-
tions may prevent the seeding of
future disease risk and in the long-
term help reduce the life expectancy
gap for people living with serious
mental illness.
Key words: first-episode psychosis, lifestyle intervention, weight gain.
INTRODUCTION
People with severe mental illness suffer from a
20-year shortfall in life expectancy.
1
This disparity in
life expectancy is largely due to premature cardio-
vascular disease (CVD), underpinned by metabolic
disorders including diabetes and hyperlipidaemia.
This disparity in life expectancy has been termed a
scandal for countries embracing the notion of
equity in access and quality of medical attention for
all citizens.
1
Moreover, the mortality gap has
widened, suggesting this population has not gained
the health benefits experienced by the general
population from improved CVD treatment and
health initiatives to reduce CVD risk and reduce
smoking.
2
The antecedents to CVD appear early in the
course of treatment with antipsychotic medica-
tions. Young people with first-episode psychosis
(FEP) commencing antipsychotic medications can
Early Intervention in Psychiatry 2015; ••: ••–•• doi:10.1111/eip.12230
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