694 Reviews Reckoning with Markets: Moral Reflection in Economics James Halteman Edd Noell New York: Oxford University Press (240 pages) In this new volume targeted to undergraduate students of economics, James Halteman and Edd Noell lament the fact-value distinction found in modern economics. This distinc- tion is usually framed within neoclassical economics by way of the dichotomy between “positive” and “normative” economics. Bade and Parkin’s Essential Foundations of Macroeconomics (2013), a typical introductory textbook, provides a standard articulation: Disagreements that can’t be settled by facts are normative statements—statements about what ought to be. These statements depend on values and cannot be tested.… Economists as social scientists try to steer clear of normative statements.… Disagreements that can be settled by facts are positive statements—statements about what is.… A positive statement … could be right or wrong, and it can be tested” (13). Reckoning with Markets provides a brief history of the unhitching of economics from its roots in moral theory and discusses a few heterodox challenges to the neoclassical approach. It concludes by suggesting that a multidisciplinary approach to the modern practice of economics would provide a richer understanding of human choice and action than currently found in the discipline. According to the introduction, the book began as a project of Professor Halteman’s. Professor Noell joined the writing team after providing many insightful comments on Halteman’s earlier chapter drafts. In particular, Noell brought especially helpful insights from his knowledge of biblical literature and the medieval period. The book is organized around a fascinating and immediately engaging rhetorical trick: The entire project is framed as an academic conference attended by all major eco- nomic thinkers throughout history. Chapter 1 serves as the opening plenary session of the conference: a session attended by Aristotle, Adam Smith, Karl Marx, John Maynard Keynes, Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, and Amartya Sen—to name but a few. In the plenary, each speaker takes a turn at the microphone and reflects on economics as it relates to moral thought. What makes this chapter especially riveting is that the authors have done the hard work necessary to incorporate direct quotations from each thinker during his turn at the microphone. For instance, the Hayek speeches quote Hayek directly, and the Sen speeches quote Sen. Halteman and Noell also include meticulous references for each quotation. These quotes make the opening plenary especially compelling, and they also keep the authors honest: Halteman and Noell are not merely saying what each figure might have said, but the authors skillfully express each thinker in his own words at every opportunity. The remaining chapters serve as the breakout sessions at the conference and are orga- nized as follows. Chapter 2 gives a brief history of ancient economic thought including Aristotle, the Stoics, and the Hebraic tradition. The discussion reveals the deep roots of