Hadeithi et al. - Al 2012 , 4 12 - 7 11 The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 43(6): 111 GENETIC DIVERSITY AND RELATIONSHIPS AMONG IRAQI BARLEY CULTIVARS USING RAPD – PCR TECHNIQUE Zeina S. M. Al-Hadeithi, *Abdul Kareem A. Al-Kazaz, ** Bilal K. Al-Obaidi Biotechnology Research Center, Al-Nahrain University,* Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, ** Department of Biotechnology, College of Science , Al-Nahrain University ABSTRACT This experiment is aimed to determine the genetic diversity and relationships among nine local barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) by using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. To achieve this, the seeds were sown in a germination cabinet under controlled environment at 20°C and a 16/8 hrs. light/darkness photoperiod. Total genomic DNA of barley plant was extracted from two different sources, from 2-3 g of fresh leaves by using CTAB method, The average yields of DNA were in the range of 1090-8550 μg /g of leaf tissue with purity of 1.5-1.9 , and also from dry seeds by using commercial kit, the DNA yield was 865-1035 μg/ mg of dry seed powder and a purity ranging 1.4-1.6. Eighteen random primers used in this study produced 177 bands across nine varieties. Of these bands, 106 bands or 60% were polymorphic. The size of the amplified bands ranged 358-4818 bp. The genetic polymorphism value of each primer was determined and ranged 25-100%. It was also possible to find the DNA fingerprint of all studied barley varieties through the appearance of a number of bands that were unique to each variety that may be used in the future as cultivar specific marker. the most characteristic banding pattern was for each varieties with primer GB7. Genetic distances ranged from 0.13424 to 0.43789 among barley varieties. Cluster analyses were performed to construct a dendrogram among studied barley varieties. cluster analysis grouped the nine varieties into three main clusters depending on their ancestor and their morphological traits. The information generated from this study can be used in the future for barley breeding and improvement programs. Key words: Barley; DNA; RAPD; Genetic diversity; Hordeum vulgare L. ثي وآخرون الحدي2102 ,024-007 :)6(44 – اقيةية العر اعوم الزرعلة ال مجل ΔϴاثέϮϟ اΕقااόϟ اϭ ωϮϨΘϟ اافϨλ أϕاήόϟ اϲ فΔϋϭέΰϤϟ اήϴόθϟ اϡاΪΨΘ باسΔϴϨقΗ RAPD – PCR ,ϲΜϳΪحϟ اΪϤحϣ ϦϳΪϟف اϴ سΔϨϳί ίاΰقϟ اϕاίήϟ اΪΒϋ ϢϳήϜϟ اΪΒϋ* ϱΪϴΒόϟ اϞϣ كاϝ , ** با , ϡϮϠόϟ اΔϴϠ, كΔϴائϴ اإحΕاϴϨقΘϟ اϢ,* قسϦϳήϬϨϟ اΔόϣاΟ, Δϴائϴ اإحΕاϴϨقΘϟ اΙϮ بحΰكήϣ ΩاΪ بغΔόϣاΟ ΔϴϠ, كΔϴائϴاح اΕاϴϨقΘϟ اϢ ,** قس ϦϳήϬϨϟ اΔόϣاΟ ,ϡϮϠόϟ ا κϠΨΘسϤϟ ا ( ϕاήόϟ اϲ فΔϋϭέΰϤϟ اήϴόθϟ اϦϣ افϨλ أΔόسΗ Ϧϴ بΔϴاثέϮϟ اΕقااόϟاϭ ϲاثέϮϟ اωϮϨΘϟ اΩاΠϳ· ϰϟ· ΔبήΠΘϟ اϩάف هΪϬΗ Hordeum vulgare ) ϡاΪΨΘ باس ϲا فϧΪϟ أΕاήشΆϣ ϢϴΨπΘϟ اΔϴϨقΗ ϲائϮθόϟ اΔϠسϠسϟ ϝاϜ اأشΩΪόΘϤϟ ااϧΪϟ أ. ΕاϮτ خΖϠϤ شΔϴϤϨΗ ΔاسέΪϟ اήϴόθϟ اέϭά بϲ فϨϣ ΖحΗ ϭ Δλ خاΕاΘΒ ΔΟέΩ Γέاή ح20° ϡ ϴ بΖحϭاήΗ ΔϴئϮ ضΓήΘ فϭ Ϧ 8 / 16 ϋ ساΕ اءϮ ض\ ϡاυ . هاΪό بκϠΨ˵Θاسϭ اϧΪϟ أϲϨϴΠϤϟ اGenomic DNA ΕاέΩاΒϠϟ ΔϴΘϔϟ اϕاέϭ اأϦϣ έϭάΒϟ اϦϣ ΔΘΒϨΘسϤϟ اΔقϳήρ ϡاΪΨΘ باسϝ· CTAB اϬϨϣ ΔμϠΨΘسϤϟ ااϧΪϟ أΔϴϤ كΖحϭاήΗ Ϋ اϦϴ ب1090-8550 ϡاή غϭήϜϳاϣ Ϧϴ بΖحϭاήΗ ΓϭقاϨبϭ ϡاή غϞϜϟ 1.9-1.5 ϭ Ϧϣ كϟά كΔافΠϟ اέϭάΒϟ اΕاΗاΒϨϟ ااϧΩ ιاΨΘ باسΔλاΨϟ اϝΰόϟ اΓΪϋ ϡاΪΨΘ باسϦϴا بϧΪϟ أΔϴϤ كΖحϭاήΗ Ϋ· 865-1035 ϣ ϡاή غϭήϜϳ اϞϜϟ ϡاή غϲϠϣ Γϭقاϧ ΖحϭاήΗϭ ΔافΠϟ اέϭάΒϟ اϕϮسحϣ Ϧϣ اϧΪϟ أϦϴ ب1.6-1.4 . ˸ΖΠΘϧ أ18 غϠ بϡΰحϟ اϦϣ ΩΪϋ Δϴϟحاϟ اΔاسέΪϟ اϝ خاΖϣΪΨΘ اسϲائϮθϋ ئΩ با177 Δϣΰ ح ϩά هϦϴ بϦϣ ϭ ΔسϭέΪϤϟ اϊسΘϟف ااϨλ اأϝ خا,ϡΰحϟ ا106 Δϣΰ حϭ ˴ أ60 % .ΔϨϳاΒΘϣ Ζϧ ك˴اϢΠ حΡϭاήΗ ϡΰحϟ اϦϴ بΔϤ َΨ ˴π ˵ Ϥϟ ا358-4818 اϣ. أϱΪϋ قاΝϭί Ϊئ فقΩ با ˷ Ϟ˵Ϝϟ ΔϴاثέϮϟ اΕاϨϳاΒΘϟ اϢϴ ق˸ΖحϭاήΗ Ϧϴ ب25 - 100 .% ΩΪϋ έϮϬυ ϝ خاϦϣ كϟΫ ϭ ΔسϭέΪϤϟ اήϴόθϟف ااϨλ أϊϴϤΠϟ ΔϴاثέϮϟ اΔϤμΒϟ اΪϳΪحΗ ϢΗ كϟά ك ( ΓΪϳήϔϟ اϡΰحϟ اϦϣ Unique bands افϨλ اأϞϜϟ ) . ήΜ اأكϲاثέϮϟ اςϤϨϟ اϥ كا اΰϴϤΗ λ اأϊϴϤΠϟ ئΩاΒϟ اϊϣ افϨ GB7 . Ϧϴ بΡϭاήΗ Ϊ قϲاثέϮϟ اΪόΒϟ اϢϴ قϥ أ 0.13424 ϰϟ· 0.43789 ΕاϴϠحΘϟ اΖϣΪΨΘ. اسήϴόθϟف ااϨλ أϦϴ بΔϳΩϮقϨόϟ ااءϨ ˶ Βϟ Ϧϴ بϲاثέϮϟ اωϮϨΘϟ اΓήΠ ش ˶ ήϴόθϟف ااϨλ أ.ΔسϭέΪϤϟ ا˴ϊ ˷ ϤΟ ˴ ϞϴϠحΘϟ ا ϊسΘϟاف أϨλ اأΔ˴ϳΩϮقϨόϟ اϲ ف˶Δϴسϴئέ ϊϴϣاΠϣ Ι ثا˵ΪϤΘό˴Η ϰϠϋ ϢϬϔϠ سΔϳήϬψϤϟ اϢϬΗاϔλ ϭ . ϡΪΨΘسΗ ϥ اϦϜϤϳ ΕاϣϮϠόϤϟ ا˸Ϧ˶ϣ ΔΠΘϨΘسϤϟ اϩά هϲ ˶ فΔاسέΪϟ ا ˶ Ξϣاή بΔϴϠΒقΘسϤϟ اήϴόθϟ اϦϴحسΗϭ ΔϴبήΗ .