May 2013. Vol. 3, No. 3 ISSN2305-8269
International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
© 2012 EAAS & ARF. All rights reserved
www.eaas-journal.org
57
STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF RICE HUSK ASH CONCRETE.
Godwin A. Akeke, Maurice E. Ephraim, Akobo, I.Z.S and Joseph O. Ukpata.
Department of Civil Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria.
Abstract
This research was experimentally carried out to investigate the effects of introducing Rice Husk Ash
(RHA) as a Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) on the Structural Properties of
Concrete. Rice Husk Ash which is an Agro-Waste and known to be a Super Pozzoland have been
used for mass concrete and found to have compressive strength ranging from 33-38.4N/mm
2
at
replacement percentages of 10-25% in a mix of 1:1.5:3. A further study was carried out on its
flexural properties to determine their moduli of rupture as well as its tensile strength characteristics
for the determination of cracking, the values obtained at 28days are 3, 2.5 and 2.4N/mm
2
while the
tensile strength values are 1.94, 1.17 and 0.91N/mm
2
at replacement percentages of 10%, 20% and
25%. This research has proved that RHA Concrete can be used as a Structural Concrete at suitable
replacement percentages. This research therefore is an investigation of the performance of the
concrete made of partially replacing OPC with RHA on the structural integrity and properties of
RHA concrete.
Keywords: Rice Husk Ash, Structural Properties and Concrete.
INTRODUCTION
This research is aimed at putting into effective use
Rice Hush Ash (RHA) a local additive which has
been investigated to be super pozzolanic in a good
proportion to reduce the high cost of structural
concrete. Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is an agricultural
waste product, and how to dispose of it is a
problem to waste mangers. While Concrete today
has assumed the position of the most widely used
building material globally. The most expensive
concrete material is the binder (cement) and if such
all-important expensive material is partially
replaced with more natural, local and affordable
material like RHA will not only take care of waste
management but will also reduce the problem of
high cost of concrete and housing.
There is an increasing importance to preserve the
environment in the present day world. RHA from
the parboiling plants is posing serious
environmental threat and ways are being thought of
to dispose them. This material is actually a super
pozzolan since it is rich in Silica and has about
85% to 90% Silica content.
A “pozzolan” is therefore defined as “a siliceous or
siliceous and aluminum material,
which itself possess little or no cementing property,
but will in a finely divided form and in the
presence of moisture chemically react with calcium
hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to form
compounds possessing cementite’s properties. A
good way of utilizing this material is to use it for
making “high performance concrete” which means
high workability and very high early strengths, or
consider high workability and long term durability
of the concrete.
Materials
Rice Husk Ash (RHA); Rice Husk was
burnt for approximately 48hrs in an open
air and uncontrolled burning process. The
temperature was in the range of 400-
600
0
C. The ash collected was sieved
through BS standard sieve size 75μm and
its colour was grey. Batching was done by
volume at replacement percentages of 10,
20, and 25%.
Cement
Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was used
in which the composition and properties is
in compliance with the Nigerian
standard organization defined standard of
cement for concrete production.