CHAPTER ONE Ontogeny and Functional Specialization of Dendritic Cells in Human and Mouse Muzlifah Haniffa * ,1 , Matthew Collin * , Florent Ginhoux †,1 * Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom † Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A * STAR), Singapore 1 Corresponding author: e-mail address: m.a.haniffa@ncl.ac.uk; florent_ginhoux@immunol.a-star.edu.sg Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. History of DC Identification and Characterization 2 2.1 Mouse DCs 2 2.2 Human DCs 5 2.3 Classification of mouse and human DCs 8 3. Recent Advances in Mouse DC Immunobiology: Lessons from a Rodent 9 3.1 Origin and differentiation of mouse DCs 9 3.2 CD8 þ /CD103 þ DC lineage 12 3.3 CD11b þ DCs 14 3.4 Plasmacytoid DCs 16 3.5 Langerhans cells 17 3.6 Inflammatory DCs 18 4. Recent Advances in Human DC Immunobiology 18 4.1 Origin and differentiation of human DCs 18 4.2 Myeloid CD141 hi DCs 20 4.3 Myeloid CD1c þ DCs 21 4.4 CD14 þ DCs 22 4.5 Plasmacytoid DCs 24 4.6 Langerhans cells 25 4.7 Slan DCs 26 4.8 Inflammatory DCs 27 5. Humanized Mice 27 6. Matching Mice and Men 28 6.1 Interspecies parallels 29 6.2 Interspecies differences 32 7. The Relationship of DCs to Monocytes and Macrophages 33 8. Next Steps Ahead 34 9. Disclosure Statement 35 Acknowledgments 35 References 35 Advances in Immunology, Volume 120 # 2013 Elsevier Inc. ISSN 0065-2776 All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-417028-5.00001-6 1