Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Comprehensive Psychiatry Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number: COMPRPSYCHIATRY-D-09-00020R1 Title: Temperament and character dimensions associated with clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in ADHD boys. Article Type: Research Paper Corresponding Author: Dr Diane Purper-Ouakil, MD, PhD Corresponding Author's Institution: Robert Debré Hospital First Author: Diane Purper-Ouakil, MD, PhD Order of Authors: Diane Purper-Ouakil, MD, PhD; Samuele Cortese, MD, PhD; Mathias Wohl, MD; Valérie Aubron; Silvia Orejarena; Gregory Michel; Muriel Asch; Marie-Christine Mouren; Philip Gorwood Abstract: Abstract Background : Although differential patterns of temperament and character have been documented in subjects with ADHD, few studies have investigated relations between these dimensions, clinical features of ADHD and treatment outcome. Methods : Ninety-six boys with ADHD and 67 controls participated in the study; 88.5% of the referred patients were reassessed after optimal titration of methylphendiate treatment. Results : Compared with controls, boys with ADHD showed a temperament profile of high Novelty Seeking, low Reward Dependence and Persistence, as well as low scores on both Self Determination and Cooperativeness character dimensions. No significant differences were found between ADHD subjects and controls in harm avoidance. Temperament and character traits were related to specific symptom domains and comorbidity but did not predict global severity of ADHD. Persistent and immature ADHD children were more likely to experience short term remission.