Intraspecific morphological variation between cultured and wild
Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) (Clariidae, Siluriformes)
Shola G. Solomon, Victor T. Okomoda, Abel I. Ogbenyikwu
Received – 24 August 2014/Accepted – 14 January 2015. Published online: 31 March 2015; ©Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Poland
Citation: Solomon S.G., Okomoda V.T., Ogbenyikwu A.I. 2015 – Intraspecific morphological variation between cultured and wild Clarias
gariepinus (Burchell) (Clariidae, Siluriformes) – Arch. Pol. Fish. 23: 53-61.
Abstract. This study was designed to evaluate morphological
differences between cultured and wild African catfish, Clarias
gariepinus (Burchell). Fish samples were collected from the
lower Benue River (axis in Makurdi), while cultured fish were
obtained from the University of Agriculture Makurdi research
farm. The results revealed significant sex-related variation in
the fish from different environments. Significant differences
were observed in all morphometric parameters measured and
in three of the five meristic counts recorded. Discriminant
analysis and cluster analysis of morphometric parameters
showed a high divergence among the populations, hence the
tested fish samples were grouped into respective environments
by sex. The meristic count, however, overlapped broadly
showing no divergence among the populations. The
morphometric differences between the cultured and wild
African catfish could have been linked to genetic differences or
environmental factors or a combination of both factors.
Keywords: African catfish, Benue River, morphometric
parameters, meristic count
Introduction
Morphometric and meristic morphological characters
are used widely to identify fish stocks (Turan et al.
2004), and they remain the simplest, most direct
methods of species identification. From previous stud-
ies (Creech 1992, Mamuris et al. 1998, Bronte et al.
1999, Hockaday et al. 2000), it is understood that the
analysis of phenotypic variation in morphometric or
meristic characters is the most commonly used
method to delineate stocks of fish. It has often been
used in discrimination and classification studies by
statistical techniques (Agnew 1988, Avsar 1994). De-
spite the advent of techniques which directly examine
biochemical or molecular genetic variation, these con-
ventional methods continue to play an important role
in stock identification even today (Swain and Foote
1999). Differences in the morphometric and meristic
characters of a species from different regions can re-
sult from differences in genotypes, environmental fac-
tors operating on one genotype, or both of these acting
together (Parish and Sharman 1958). While both
morphometric and meristic characters respond to
changes in environmental factors, their responses are
different in some situations and can differ from spe-
cies to species. The study of differences and variability
in morphometric and meristic characters of fish stocks
is important in phylogenetics and in providing infor-
mation for subsequent studies on the genetic improve-
ment of stocks.
The African catfish, Clarias gariepinus
(Burchell), is a species of great economic importance
as it is the most cultured catfish in Africa and the
third most cultured catfish species in the world (
Arch. Pol. Fish. (2015) 23: 53-61
DOI 10.1515/aopf-2015-0006
RESEARCH ARTICLE
© Copyright by Stanis³aw Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn.
© 2015 Author(s). This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
S.G. Solomon [+], V.T. Okomoda, A.I. Ogbenyikwu
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture
University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
e-mail: solagabriel@yahoo.co.uk