RESEARCH ARTICLE Solid-state fermentation: tool for bioremediation of adsorbed textile dyestuff on distillery industry waste-yeast biomass using isolated Bacillus cereus strain EBT1 Avinash A. Kadam & Jeevan D. Kamatkar & Rahul V. Khandare & Jyoti P. Jadhav & Sanjay P. Govindwar Received: 8 March 2012 / Accepted: 10 April 2012 # Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract Bioremediation of textile dyestuffs under solid- state fermentation (SSF) using industrial wastes as substrate pose an economically feasible, promising, and eco-friendly alternative. The purpose of this study was to adsorb Red M5B dye, a sample of dyes mixture and a real textile effluent on distillery industry waste-yeast biomass (DIW-YB) and its further bioremediation using Bacillus cereus EBT1 under SSF. Textile dyestuffs were allowed to adsorb on DIW-YB. DIW-YB adsorbed dyestuffs were decolorized under SSF by using B. cereus. Enzyme analysis was carried out to ensure decolorization of Red M5B. Metabolites after dye degradation were analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS. DIW-YB showed adsorption of Red M5B, dyes mixture and a textile wastewater sample up to 87, 70, and 81 %, respectively. DIW-YB adsorbed Red M5B was decol- orized up to 98 % by B. cereus in 36 h. Whereas B. cereus could effectively reduce American Dye Manufacture Institute value from DIW-YB adsorbed mixture of textile dyes and textile wastewater up to 70 and 100 %, respectively. Induction of extracellular enzymes such as laccase and azoreductase suggests their involvement in dye degradation. Repeated uti- lization of DIW-YB showed consistent adsorption and ADMI removal from textile wastewater up to seven cycles. HPLC and FTIR analysis confirms the biodegradation of Red M5B. GC-MS analysis revealed the formation of new metabolites. B. cereus has potential to bioremediate adsorbed textile dye- stuffs on DIW-YB. B. cereus along with DIW-YB showed enhanced decolorization performance in tray bioreactor which suggests its potential for large-scale treatment procedures. Keywords Decolorization . Distillery industry waste-yeast biomass . Bacillus cereus . Red M5B . Solid-state fermentation Introduction Water is a source of life and energy. Pollution of water due to rapid pace of industrialization, pollution and unplanned urbanization is causing millions of people worldwide to suffer for storage of fresh and clean drinking water (Bhatnagar and Sillanpaa 2010). Dyes are responsible for addition of beautiful colors to the life and belongs to an important class of chemicals in many industrial processes, but the presence of very small amounts of dyes in water (less than 1 ppm for some dyes) is highly visible and undesirable (Robinson et al. 2001) as color is the first contaminant to be recognized in wastewa- ter. Nowadays, due to their extensive use, they have become an integral part of industrial wastewater. Inefficiency of the dyeing processes, poor handling of spent effluent, and insuf- ficient treatment of wastes of the dyestuff industries lead to the contamination of soil and natural water bodies (Nigam et al. 1996). The azo dyes are prominently used in leather, food, and cosmetic industries as well as for tattooing, printing, and most importantly, in textile dyeing because of their chemical stabil- ity and versatility. It is now established that the azo dyes causes skin and eye irritations (Mittal et al. 2012a). Many synthetic azo dyes and their metabolites are toxic, carcinogen- ic, and mutagenic leading to potential health hazards to Responsible editor: Vinod Kumar Gupta A. A. Kadam : J. D. Kamatkar : R. V. Khandare : J. P. Jadhav Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India S. P. Govindwar (*) Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India e-mail: spg_biochem@unishivaji.ac.in Environ Sci Pollut Res DOI 10.1007/s11356-012-0929-6