© koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���6 | doi �0.��63/�5685365-� �34�5�0 Novum Testamentum 58 (�0 �6) �04-� �7 brill.com/nt Another Look at P.IFAO II 31 (98) An Updated Transcription and Textual Analysis Peter Málik University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK pm486@cam.ac.uk Abstract The article provides a fresh edition and analysis of P.IFAO inv. 237b (98), supposedly the earliest manuscript of the Book of Revelation. The new edition includes correc- tions to Hagedorn’s 1992 edition, an updated transcription (including two previously undeciphered lines of text), and a colour image of the papyrus. The text of the papyrus is then inspected and classified based on the manner of transmission and the textual quality it reflects. Keywords Revelation – 98 – textual criticism – evaluation of fragmentary witnesses Housed in L’Institut français d’archéologie orientale (IFAO) in Cairo under the inventory number P.IFAO inv. 237b, the present papyrus is a fragment of a re-used roll preserving portions of Rev 1:13-2:1. The manuscript was first published in the second volume of IFAO’s Greek papyri, which otherwise con- tains only documentary material.1 Guy Wagner, the editor of the volume, did not identify the text of the fragment, noting that “cette liste d’objets divers” might not be part of a letter.2 Some twenty years later, Dieter Hagedorn 1  G. Wagner, ed., Papyrus grecs de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale, vol. 2 (Bibliothèque d’Etude 55; Cairo: 1971). In fact, the volume is apparently comprised solely of letters, save for P.IFAO II 25 (P. IFAO inv. 178) which is designated as a “billet.” See B. Boyaval, “Notes de lecture,” ZPE 13 (1974) 71-72. 2   Papyrus grecs, 47.