International Conference on Recent Advances and Future Trends in Information Technology (iRAFIT2012) Proceedings published in International Journal of Computer Applications® (IJCA) 18 Comparative Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna With Different Feeding Techniques Gurdeep Singh Panjab University Chandigarh, India Jaget Singh Panjab University Chandigarh, India ABSTRACT A single band microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication is presented. In this paper, direct microstrip line feed and coaxial feed techniques are integrated. This antenna offers low profile, narrow bandwidth, high gain, and compact antenna element. In this paper we compare the feeding techniques and we should proved that the coaxial feeding is better impedance matching technique than microstrip line feeding to improve the gain, return loss and bandwidth. The IE3D software, which is a method of moment (MoM) based software used to find output parameter results. General Terms VSWR, Return loss, Elevation Pattern Gain Display. Keywords Single Band E-Shaped, Microstrip Line feed, Coaxial Probe feed, Microstrip Patch Antenna, IE3D tool. 1. INTRODUCTION Due to their many attractive features, microstrip antenna has drawn the attention of researchers over the past work [1-3]. Microstrip antennas are used in an increasing number of applications, ranging from biomedical diagnosis to wireless communications [4]. These wide ranges of applications, coupled with the fact that microstrip patch structures are relatively easy to manufacture, have turned microstrip analysis into an extensive research problem. Research on microstrip antenna in the 21st century aims at size reduction, increasing gain, wide bandwidth, multiple functionality and system-level integration. Significant research work has been reported on increasing the gain and bandwidth of microstrip antennas. Many techniques have been suggested for achieving wide bandwidth [5-6]. In this paper, an attempt has been made to design a single band microstrip antenna without any geometrical complexities. With the wide spread proliferation of wireless communication technology in recent years, the demand for compact, low profile and broadband antennas has increased significantly. To meet the requirement, the microstrip patch antenna have been proposed because of its low profile, light weight and low cost. However, the microstrip antenna inherently has a low gain and a narrow bandwidth. To overcome its inherent limitation of narrow impedance bandwidth and low gain, many techniques have been suggested e.g., for probe fed stacked antenna, microstrip patch antennas on electrically thick substrate, slotted patch antenna and stacked shorted patches have been proposed and investigated [2]. There are numerous and well-known methods to increase the gain of antennas, including decrease of the substrate thickness, feeding techniques and with the use of different optimization techniques [7-8]. In our research work, antenna feeding is to be classified into two types, first is microstrip line feeding and second is coaxial/probe feeding. There are many other types of feeding used but they are so complex, e.g. aperture coupled feeding, L-probe feeding, non contact feeding, which are used to enhance the bandwidth. The remaining paper is organised as follows: section 2 gives some information about types of feeding. Section 3 includes design analysis of single band E Shaped microstrip patch geometry. Section 4 gives comparative analysis of coaxial feed over the microstrip line feed antenna with its results. Section 5 and 6 gives conclusion and references respectively. 2. FEEDING TECHNIQUES There are several techniques available to feed or transmit electromagnetic energy to a microstrip patch antenna. The role of feeding is very important in case of efficient operation of antenna to improve the antenna input impedance matching. The two main commonly used feeding techniques are 2.1 Microstrip line feeding 2.2 Coaxial cable or probe feeding 2.1 Microstrip line feeding Fig 1: Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna with an Inset Line feeding. In this type of feeding technique, a conducting strip is connected directly to the edge of the Microstrip patch as shown in Fig 1. The width of conducting strip is small as compared to the patch and this kind of feed arrangement has the advantage that the feed can be etched on the same substrate to provide a planar structure. The purpose of the