2 Bodrova, E., Leong, D. J., & Akhutina, T. V. (2011). When everything new is well-forgotten old: Vygotsky/Luria insights in the development of executive functions. In R. M. Lerner, J. V. Lerner, E. P. Bowers, S. Lewin-Bizan, S. Gestsdottir, & J. B. Urban (Eds.), Thriving in childhood and adolescence: The role of self-regulation processes. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 133, 11–28. 11 When Everything New Is Well-Forgotten Old: Vygotsky/Luria Insights in the Development of Executive Functions Elena Bodrova, Deborah J. Leong, Tatiana V. Akhutina Abstract The concept of “extra-cortical organization of higher mental functions” pro- posed by Lev Vygotsky and expanded by Alexander Luria extends cultural- historical psychology regarding the interplay of natural and cultural factors in the development of the human mind. Using the example of self-regulation, the authors explore the evolution of this idea from its origins to recent findings on the neuropsychological trajectories of the development of executive functions. Empirical data derived from the Tools of the Mind project are used to discuss the idea of using classroom intervention to study the development of self- regulation in early childhood. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NEW DIRECTIONS FOR CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT, no. 133, Fall 2011 © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). • DOI: 10.1002/cd.301