Complex plasma analyzer SKA-1. O. L. Vaisberg 1 , A. W. Leybov 1 , L. A. Avanov 1 , V. N. Smirnov 1 , E. B. Ivanova 1 , A. A. Klimas В. I. Khazanov 2 , I. I. Cherkashin 2 , M. V. Iovlev 2 , A. Yu. Safronov 2 and V. H. Lichtenstein 3 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba 1 Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya str., 84/32, Moscow 117810, Russia. 2 Scientific Engineering Center (SNIIP), Raspletina str. 5, Moscow 123060, Russia. 3 Institute of Nuclear Fusion, Research Russian Center "Kurchatov", Kurchatov Sq.,1, Moscow 123182, Russia. 1. Introduction The complex plasma spectrometer SKA-1 is intended to mea- sure the energy, charge, mass, and angular distributions of plasmas in the Earth's magnetosphere. The complex provides both 3-D measurements of ion number flux in energy range from 0.05 to 5keV/Q and selective measurements of H + , He + , He ++ , 0 + ions with the energy from 5 up to 50keV/Q. Pro- cesses of measurements and transmitting of obtaining data, as well as a choice of operation modes are controlled by onboard microcomputer of the SKA-1. The choice of operation modes depends either on real-time acquired data from different sci- entific instruments entering in the INTERBALL Tail Probe or directly from SKA-1. The onboard microcomputer allows to icilvze results of measurements so that to extract the most interesting events for more detailed measurements. zyxvtsrponmljihgedbaVTSRQNLKIFECBA 2. Composition 5KA-1 consists of EU-1 instrument measuring the ion fluxes Htb the energy 0.05 to 5keV/Q, and EV-2, measuring the ion within the energy from 5 to 50keV/Q. EU-1 contains т»: i^tectors and a specialized controlling onboard microcom- зч*з PVU. This microcomputer handles data and controlling performs primary processing of the measuring data iic Transmits them to the telemetry system (TMS). EU-1 is ще: at the measurements of energy/angular characteristics Я em fluxes. It has two identical units, one of them (EU-1/1) ш ^triiiled onboard so that its field-of-view axis is pointed Sun, while the other detector (EU-1/2) is oriented in site(anti-solar) direction. The EU-1 provides measure- :f the low energy ion fluxes in different energy intervals ling with various angles в and ф relatively to axis of of the field of view of the detecting system. I -1 and PVU form a sub-complex which is able to oper- s •is^pendently. E\ -1 which is not a part of this subcomplex, but is re-si si mhh it by synchronization and control circuits, measures ev spectra with the ratio of m/Q = 1, 2, 4, 16 corre- to the H + , He , He , 0 + ions respectively, in the rijge E/Q from 5 to 50 keV. The field-of-view axis of I- If-2 detecting unit is oriented in the antisolar direction. * ::-:rolling device (UU) enters SKA-1 complex too. This r^rtzrms several important functions in organizing the *5rk. UU receives different external actions from the if: board command system and signals from devices t entered SKA-1 complex. The UU is connected to v hi:h receives from it the information about operation mode of the SKA-1 complex. The structure of the SKA zutsrponliecaX -1 shown in Fig. 1. 3. EU-1 Each unit of the EU-1 consists of: — a detector for transforming the ion flux to electrical sign (pulses) at the output of detecting element which is OLEN-M-1 secondary electron multiplier SEM (the m~ part of the detector is a shevron assemble from two crochannel plates); — a converter for generating the needed power supply far SEM and the deflection voltage for an electrostatic analy; and for an electrode of the detector's angular scanning: — an eight-channel amplifier for amplifying signals fromzyxwvutsrponm SE\Ј and transforming them to pulses with standard logic levefe — counters of the pulses, coming out from the amplifiers, witi simultaneous data compression. The EU-1 detecting system is presented on Fig. 2. EU-1 sensor contains toroidal electrostatic analyzer (EAt with the opposing/parallel direction of the input and outpn: ion fluxes; the sensor analyses the ions by their energy/chart- unit ratio. There are electrodes in front of the analyzer's inpui window, creating additional deflection field (scanner). Inner electrode of the scanner is made as a hemisphere; outer elec- trode, being under the potential of the housing, is made as г thin-wall cone, covered from the input side with a conductive grid. Depending on the voltage, applied to the inner electrode of the scanner, only those ions come to the EA input, which fly at the certain angle в with respect to the instrument field- of-view axis. To avoid the satellite potential changing because of photoelectron emission from the hemispheric electrode, oc- curring under UV-radiation of the Sun, there is a shaped colli- mator CL at the input of the detector, that protects the inner scanner electrode from the Sun, but transmits the main flux of particles. At the output of the analyzer there is a secondary electron multiplier SEM (of the type "Olen-M") with an eight-segment collector, which allows to detect separately the particle fluxes, arriving from different azimuthal angles <t>. Therefore paral- lel measurements in eight angular azimuthal channels, spread uniformly within the angle of 2тт rad on the plane, which is per- pendicular to the instrument field-of-view axis, are performed. EU-1 instrument works automatically under PVU control. PVU is leading in the exchange; it gives the commands in order to set the modes of several EU-1 stages and receives the results of measurements; it generates the signal in order to control pulse counters. Besides, one of the important purpose of PVU aVL 170