Cycling and the built environment, a US perspective Anne Vernez Moudon a, * , Chanam Lee b , Allen D. Cheadle c , Cheza W. Collier d , Donna Johnson e , Thomas L. Schmid f , Robert D. Weather g a Department of Urban Design and Planning, Gould 410, Box 355740, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA b Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College station, TX 77843-3137, USA c Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA d Chronic Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging Unit, Public Health—Seattle and King County, Seattle, WA 98104-4039, USA e Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA f Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA g Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119-1997, USA Abstract This disaggregate cross-sectional study uses primary data on the cycling behavior of 608 randomly sam- pled respondents in urbanized King County, Washington, and objective parcel-level GIS measures of land use and infrastructure conditions. Binary logit model findings provide new insights on who bicycles, and on perceived and actual built environmental conditions associated with the likelihood of cycling in neighbor- hoods, controlling for socio-demographic variables. A high 21% of the respondents report cycling at least once a week in their neighborhood, more often for recreation or exercise than for transportation. Cycling is more popular among male, younger adults, transit users, and those who are physically active and in good health. Both perceived and objective environmental conditions contribute to the likelihood of cycling. Prox- imity to trails and the presence of agglomerations of offices, clinics/hospitals, and fast food restaurants, measured objectively, are significant environmental variables. Previously researched correlates of cycling, such as the presence of bicycle lanes, traffic speed and volume, slope, block size, and the presence of parks, are found insignificant when objectively measured. A non-linear relationship is found between the odds of cycling and the perception of traffic problems and automobile-oriented facilities. Overall, cycling is only 1361-9209/$ - see front matter Ó 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2005.04.001 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 206 685 4057; fax: +1 206 685 9597. E-mail address: moudon@u.washington.edu (A.V. Moudon). www.elsevier.com/locate/trd Transportation Research Part D 10 (2005) 245–261