Hispania 96.4 (2013): 684–99 AATSP Copyright © 2013
Peddling Pablo: Escobar’s Cultural Renaissance
Aldona Bialowas Pobutsky
Oakland University, USA
[Pablo Escobar] es un personaje seductor
porque su historia tiene todos
los condimentos de las grandes historias pero,
por supuesto, muy triste y muy dolorosa.
—Nicolás Entel, director of Pecados de mi padre
Abstract: Nearly two decades after his death, Pablo Escobar has reemerged in a number of autobiographical
publications that revisit the era of the Medellín cartel and its most infamous capo. Rather than provid-
ing strictly historical information, these texts adopt an anecdotal and intimate angle from the positions
of Escobar’s hitman, his lover, his siblings, and his only son. The recent plethora of Escobar-themed
bestsellers signals a collective need to confront the capo’s evil in order to bring closure to what can be
considered his inner circle and the Colombian nation. It also underscores the tension between the state’s
desire to curtail Escobar’s growing myth and the concomitant trends in popular culture and mass media
that celebrate Escobar and the crass narcolifestyle. While the former strives to divorce the national image
from narcoterrorism, the latter has found a new marketable commodity in Colombia and abroad.
Keywords: Colombia, drug traficking/tráico de drogas, hitman/sicario, narcoculture/narcocultura,
Pablo Escobar
P
ablo Escobar died on December 2, 1993, and with him, the heyday of Colombia’s
populist drug lords came to an end. Drug traficking evolved and became less visible, as
the subsequent generation learned its lesson from the fate of Medellín’s biggest, most
daring capo. With Escobar gone, one would think that his igure would fade away, replaced by
more recent characters from the present-day drug business, especially in Colombia, where many
would prefer to forget Escobar’s imprint on the nation’s history. However, the capo’s inluence
remains synonymous with murder and mayhem, but also known for staining the nation’s image
on the international scene.
Nearly two decades after his death, Pablo Escobar refuses to go away. His life continues
to stir controversy, while his face does not cease to reappear in places both predictable (Medel-
lín, Cartagena) and obscure (Ukraine), thereby converting his semblance into a timeless icon
of notoriety.
1
Pablo Escobar continues to attract morbid curiosity, subsequently providing an
opportunity for commercial exploitation. News items related in some way to the cocaine kingpin
erupt with regularity in the national press, while more relective journalistic pieces revisit his era
and the places that bear the imprint of his infamous legacy.
2
Next to traditional tourist souvenirs,
popular markets in Colombia sell Escobar t-shirts, while the geographical spaces that bear the
drug lord’s mark—his gravesite, the ruins of his properties around Medellín, his famous ranch
Hacienda Nápoles, or the hide-out where he met his end—are magnets for a growing number
of visitors.
3
Even museums, the storehouses of traditional culture, exhibit Escobar’s selling
power. Fernando Botero’s 1999 painting “The Death of Pablo Escobar” has drawn so much
attention from the visitors to the Museo de Antioquia that a decade later the artist bequeathed
another painting of the capo’s death in response to the public’s Escobar mania (J. Saldarriaga).