56 | Page
Scholar Journal
Journal of Science and Today's World
Journal home page: http://www.journalsci.com
ISSN 2322-326X
2014, volume 3, issue 2, pages: 56-59
Research Article
Factors Related to Personal Protective Equipment Use between Factory Cement Employ in Ilam, the west of
Iran: Application of BASNEF Model
Hojat Kakaei
1
, Mehdi Mirzaei Alavijeh
2
, Mohammad Mahboubi
3
, Roholah Maghsodi Moghadam
1
, Fazel Zinat Motlagh
4
, Farhad
Farasaty
1*
, Saeid Jalilian
5
1
Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
2
Department of Health Education, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences- Yazd, Iran
3
PhD in Health Services Administration, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
4
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. Yasuj, Iran
5
Islamic Azad University, Borujerd Branch, Borujerd, Iran
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received 21 January 2014
Accepted 12 February 2014
Published 19 February 2014
Keywords:
Personal Protective Equipment,
Safety,
Enabling Factor
*correspondence should be addressed to
Farhad Farasaty, Occupational Health, School of
Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences,
Ilam, Iran.
Tell: +98
Fax: +98
Email: farasaty_64@yahoo.com
Personal protective equipment are any equipment that is used by a worker to eliminate
or minimize exposure to a specific occupational hazard. The aim of this study was de-
termine the factors related to personal protective equipment use among factory ce-
ment based on BASNEF model. A cross-sectional study was conducted among ʹͲͷ men
cement worker in the Ilam, west of Iran, during ʹͲͳʹ which was randomly selected for
participation in this study. A structured questionnaire was applied for collecting data
and data were analyzed by SPSS version ͳͺ using bivariate correlations and linear re-
gression statistical tests. The four predictor variables of ͳ) attitude, ʹ) subjective
norms, and ͵) enabling factor, and Ͷ) intention accounted for Ͷ% of the variation in
the outcome measure of the personal protective equipment use behavior. Our results
support the use of BASNEF model to develop and implement field practice guidelines,
which can be applicable to design and implement effective promotion programs to
increasing personal protective equipment use among worker and could be a useful
model to safety behavior promotion program among workers.
© Copyright 2014 Hojat Kakaei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
1. Introduction
Control measures had developed to avoid injury and illness as a result of
exposure to the hazards. The most effective and safest of control
measures considered those implemented at the source. The second
most effective control measures are along the path. These typically in-
clude engineering controls like local exhaust ventilation. The least ef-
fective control measures are those that are implemented at the work-
er. These controls include things like wearing of personal protective
equipment (PPE) [1]. PPE are any equipment that is used by a worker
to eliminate or minimize exposure to a specific occupational hazard,
when other control measures do not completely eliminate the hazard
or if no other practical means exist for effectively controlling it, PPE
becomes useful as a control measure. Such as respirators, gloves,
aprons, fall-protection devices, personal warning devices and full body
suits, as well as head, eye and foot protection [2]. Cement producing
factory is one of the industrial that there are a lot of hazards to their
worker such as exposure to cement dust that has been demonstrated
to have adverse effects on human health [3]. There have been a num-
ber of studies that reported effects of cement dust exposure on respir-
atory symptoms such as reduction in lung function, high risk of devel-
oping chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and a reduction
in ventilator capacity [4-12]. For this reason some of research in addi-
tion to emphasis on control hazard in source recommended providing
adequate personal respiratory protective equipment for the produc-
tion workers [13]. In a number of studies have also reported the rates
of personal protective equipment very low or no properly use of them
[14-17], Some of the studies also reported the lack of training and mo-
tivation as a reason of do not use of equipment's [15 and 18]. Also, in
other researches was showed a significant relationship between use of
equipment protector and risk perception, knowledge and attitude of
worker's [19-21]. Arezes et al also mentioned the reason of lack of use
by workers has been Lack of accepted equipment [22]. To perform a
particular behavior such as the use of personal protective equipment
in addition to availability of tools as well as enabling factors, other fac-
tors as well as interpersonal factors such as attitudes toward behavior
also needed, which of these factors were known as psychological fac-
tors and to investigate the psychological factors developed and has
been offered several models [23]. In other words, models have been
developed and applied to explain, why people do or do not engage in
various activities and behaviors? Although there has link between the-
se models and workplace behavior, but very little study has been giv-
en to examining them about to protect the workers from job related
hazards [24]. One of them is BASNEF model which it or its related
structures includes; Behavior intention, Attitude, Subjective Norms,
Enabling Factors, have been used in number of various and similar
studies [25-28]. The main objective of this study was to investigate the
factors related to personal protective equipment use among factory
cement employ in Ilam, the west of Iran based on BASNEF model.
2. Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 205 men factory cement
employ in Ilam, Iran, aged 22 to 53 years old, during 2012. The sample
size was calculated at 95% significant level according to the results of
a pilot study and a sample of 205 was estimated. Being literate for
completing written questionnaire were eligibility criteria to partici-
pate in this study. Of the population of 205, 191 (93.2%) signed the
consent form and voluntarily agreed to participate in this study. This