98 Synthesis of White Nanoparticals mediate by Pleurotus tuber- regium (Rumph. ex Fr.) Extract and Silver Nitrate Sukumar Dandapat*, Manoj Kumar and Manoranjan P. Sinha. Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India-834008 *corresponding author: Sukumar Dandapat; e-mail: scholar.sukumar27@gmail.com; Mobile No. +91 9905634520 Abstract Synthesis of white nanoparticle mediated (WNPs) by ethnomychologially fungal extract is easier, cheaper and ecofriendly. Colour change from pale yellow to dark brown and highest absorption of spectrum at 200nm and a broad spectrum at 474 nm of UV-visible spectroscopy provides the first conformation about the synthesis of white nanoparticles. FT-IR spectroscopy showed broad transmission peak at 3263 cm - 1 represents hydrogen bonded hydroxyl group (O-H and H- stretch) of alcohols phenols and carboxylic acid, a medium peak at 2395 cm -1 1759 cm -1 represents C≡C bond and C=O stretch respectively confirm the presence of compound having carbonyl group. Strong pick at 1384 cm -1 corresponding to N-O bend represents as aliphatic nitro compound. Scaning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the spherical and cubical in shapes nanoparticles with diameter of 40nm – 95nm in and the average diameter of the particles were of 50nm. Keywords Drug, Nanoparticles, Plants, Disease, Phytochemical. 1. Introduction Antibiotics, other synthetic drugs and antibiotic chemotherapy have been one of the most important medical achievements, which are used against pathogenic microbes and other diseases since their introduction. However, over the past few decades commonly used antibiotics such as streptomycin, amoxicilin, tetracycline etc. have become less effective due to emergence of multi drug resistant bacteria and are also they associated with various side effects [1, 2]. However, many infectious diseases and disorders, especially intracellular infections, neurological disorder, cancer, etc. remain difficult to treat with the antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents because of difficult in transport through cell membrane, low activity inside the cells and negligible bactericidal effects in intracellular matrix of pathogens [3]. It is very challenging to target the drug in the central nervous system and other nervous tissue due to blood brain barrier (BBB), which strictly restricts the delivery of most drugs to the brain because they do not cross the BBB in sufficient amount [4]. In recent times, the applications of nanobiotechnology in pharmacology have been tremendously explored. Nanotechnology in the field of medicine, concerns the size of matters in the range between 1- 100 nm are drug or natural or synthetic polymer loaded material acts as carrier and within this scale materials have unique physicochemical properties including ultra small size with large surface to volume ratio, high reactivity and unique interactions with structural components such as core, emulsion to works as carrier of therapeutic molecules and ligands for targating location of biological systems, which significantly improve the efficacy of the nanoparticles in contrast to the free drug counterparts [5-7]. Within few decades advantages of drug delivery through nanoparticles have gain ground, such as improvement of solubility of drugs in serum, circulation lifetime enhancing and concurrent target base drugs delivery of multiple therapeutic agents to the same cells for therapy [8, 9]. However the delivery and efficacy of many synthetic drugs is often limited to reach the site of therapeutic action and they require few modifications such as changing the molecular structure of the drug or their proper distribution by incorporation in carrier system [10]. Mathur and govind [11] reported that, when the materials are incorporated in to nanocarriers, they are required in low quantity to exert the action in target area and this is useful, when dealing with effective bioactive molecules. In recent years, biological methods have been used to synthesize nanoparticles without any lethal and expensive chemicals [12, 13]. The reduction of metal ions for synthesis of nano particles mediated by bioactive molecules (e.g., primary and secondary metabolites) found in higher quantity in the extract of medicinal plants and ethanomychologically used fungi [14-16]. Pleurotus tuber-regium commonly edible mushroom, belonging to the family pleurotaceae possess various bio active secondary metabolites such as, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, oligosaccharides etc. [17, 18] and these bioactive secondary metabolites are used for medicine production and also used as antitumour, antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, antibacterial and immunomodulatory agent [19-21]. In the last two decades, a number of plant extract mediated green a number of diagnostic agents based on plant extract mediated green nanoparticles have been developed for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, pain, asthma, allergy, infections etc. [22, 23]. But synthesis of white nano particles mediated by ethanomychologically used fungi has not been reported yet. Therefore, the present study have been carried out to synthesise of white nanoparticles (without plant extract) using aqueous extract of Pleurotus tuber-regium fruting bodies. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Collection of fungal material The fresh fruiting bodies and sclerotium were collected from Assam, washed and disinfected by treating with HgCl2 and washed again and were dried in shade under room temperature for six to seven days, powered and sieved [24]. 2.2. Extract preparation 50 g of the fine powder was subjected to Soxhlet using distilled water for aqueous extract. The resultant extract was concentrated after filtration, using rotary flash evaporator at 45ºC. The extractability of extract was calculated and the extract was stored in air tight bottles at room temperature for further studies [25]. 2.3. Synthesis of WNPs For synthesis of nanoparticles, 1 ml of fruiting body extract was added to 99 ml distilled water and 1 mM of AgNO3 were mixed in a 250 ml conical flask. The mixture was allowed to stir for 2 hours at 90ºC with help of magnetic stirrer. Then the mixture was allowed to cool down and was centrifuged at room temperature at 9000 rpm. The mixture was then washed three times with distilled water to obtain a black powder which was dried overnight in oven at 80ºC [26-29].